Abstract
The fourth author name was missed in the original publication. The correct list of authors should read as “Hugo Fernandes, Paulo Costa, Vitor Filipe, Hugo Paredes, João Barroso”. It has been corrected in this erratum. The original article has been updated. © 2017 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany

Abstract

Abstract
Background: The short-term benefits of aerobic and resistance exercise in subjects affected by Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) are scarcely examined in interaction. This study aimed to identify the effects of combined aerobic and resistance exercise programs on walking performance compared with isolated aerobic exercise or with the usual care in patients with intermittent claudication. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement. A total of five electronic databases were searched (until October 2019) for randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. The focus comprised PAD patients with intermittent claudication who performed a combined aerobic and resistance exercise program that assessed the walking performance. Results: Seven studies include combined aerobic and resistance exercise vs. isolated aerobic or vs. usual care. The studies represented a sample size of 337 participants. The follow-up ranged from 4 to 12 weeks, 2 to 5 times-per-week. The risk of bias in the trials was a deemed moderate-to-high risk. After the interventions, the percent change in walking performance outcomes had a large variation. In the combined and isolated aerobic programs, the walking performance always improved, while in the usual care group oscillates between the deterioration and the improvement in all outcomes. Combined exercise and isolated aerobic exercise improved the claudication onset distance from 11 to 396%, and 30 to 422%, the absolute claudication distance from 81 to 197%, and 53 to 121%, and the maximal walking distance around 23 and 10%, respectively. Conclusions: Currently, there is insufficient evidence about the effects of combined aerobic and resistance exercise compared to isolated aerobic exercise or usual care on walking performance. However, despite the low quality of evidence, the combined aerobic and resistance exercise seems to be an effective strategy to improve walking performance in patients with intermittent claudication. These combined exercise modes or isolated aerobic exercise produce positive and significant results on walking performance. The usual care approach has a trend to deteriorate the walking performance. Thus, given the scarcity of data, new randomized controlled trial studies that include assessments of cardiovascular risk factors are urgently required to better determine the effect of this exercise combination.

Abstract

Abstract
Today’s cloud computing techniques are becoming unsustainable for real time applications as very low latency is required with billions of connected devices. New paradigms are arising; the one that offers an integrated solution for extending cloud resources to the edge of the network and addresses current cloud issues is Fog Computing. Performing Fog Computing brings a set of challenges such as: provisioning edge nodes to perform task volumes downloaded from the Cloud; placing task volumes on edge nodes; resource management on edge nodes; need for a new programming model; programming, resource management, data consistency service discovery challenges; privacy and security and improving the quality of service (QoS) and user experience (QoE). This paper aims at introducing the Fog Computing concept and it presents a literature review on the way it is applied: context-sensitive applications and context-sensitive mobile service platforms. The result of the study is presented as the current research challenges for context aware mobile applications in Fog Computing infrastructure. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.