Cláudia Vanessa Brito

Abstract

Abstract
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is a treatment used by patients in the end-stage of chronic kidney diseases. Those patients need to be monitored using blood tests and those tests can present some patterns or correlations. It could be meaningful to apply data mining (DM) to the data collected from those tests. To discover patterns from meaningless data, it becomes crucial to use DM techniques. DM is an emerging field that is currently being used in machine learning to train machines to later aid health professionals in their decision-making process. The classification process can found patterns useful to understand the patients' health development and to medically act according to such results. Thus, this study focuses on testing a set of DM algorithms that may help in classifying the values of serum creatinine in patients undergoing CAPD procedures. Therefore, it is intended to classify the values of serum creatinine according to assigned quartiles. The better results obtained were highly satisfactory, reaching accuracy rate values of approximately 95%, and low relative absolute error values.

Abstract
Healthcare environments are generating a deluge of sensitive data. Nonetheless, dealing with large amounts of data is an expensive task, and current solutions resort to the cloud environment. Additionally, the intersection of the cloud environment and healthcare data opens new challenges regarding data privacy. With this in mind, we propose MEDCLOUDCARE (MCC), a healthcare application offering medical image viewing and processing tools while integrating cloud computing and AI. Moreover, MCC provides security and privacy features, scalability and high availability. The system is intended for two user groups: health professionals and researchers. The former can remotely view, process and share medical imaging information in the DICOM format. Also, it can use pre-trained Machine Learning (ML) models to aid the analysis of medical images. The latter can remotely add, share, and deploy ML models to perform inference on DICOM images. MCC incorporates a DICOM web viewer enabling users to view and process DICOM studies, which they can also upload and store. Regarding the security and privacy of the data, all sensitive information is encrypted at rest and in transit. Furthermore, MCC is intended for cloud environments. Thus, the system is deployed using Kubernetes, increasing the efficiency, availability and scalability of the ML inference process.

Abstract
Deep Learning (DL) training requires efficient access to large collections of data, leading DL frameworks to implement individual I/O optimizations to take full advantage of storage performance. However, these optimizations are intrinsic to each framework, limiting their applicability and portability across DL solutions, while making them inefficient for scenarios where multiple applications compete for shared storage resources. We argue that storage optimizations should be decoupled from DL frameworks and moved to a dedicated storage layer. To achieve this, we propose a new Software-Defined Storage architecture for accelerating DL training performance. The data plane implements self-contained, generally applicable I/O optimizations, while the control plane dynamically adapts them to cope with workload variations and multi-tenant environments. We validate the applicability and portability of our approach by developing and integrating an early prototype with the TensorFlow and PyTorch frameworks. Results show that our I/O optimizations significantly reduce DL training time by up to 54% and 63% for TensorFlow and PyTorch baseline configurations, while providing similar performance benefits to framework-intrinsic I/O mechanisms provided by TensorFlow.

Abstract
When dealing with electrocardiography (ECG) the main focus relies on the classification of the heart's electric activity and deep learning has been proving its value over the years classifying the heartbeats, exhibiting great performance when doing so. Following these assumptions, we propose a deep learning model based on a ResNet architecture with convolutional ID layers to classes the beats into one of the 4 classes: normal, atrial premature contraction, premature ventricular contraction and others. Experimental results with MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database confirmed that the model is able to perform well, obtaining an accuracy of 96% when using stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and 83% when using adaptive moment estimation (Adam), SGD also obtained F1-scores over 90% for the four classes proposed. A larger dataset was created and tested as unforeseen data for the trained model, proving that new tests should be done to improve the accuracy of it.