Abstract
The PAP900 dataset centers on the semantic relationship between affective words in Portuguese. It contains 900 word pairs, each annotated by at least 30 human raters for both semantic similarity and semantic relatedness. In addition to the semantic ratings, the dataset includes the word categorization used to build the word pairs and detailed sociodemographic information about annotators, enabling the analysis of the influence of personal factors on the perception of semantic relationships. Furthermore, this article describes in detail the dataset construction process, from word selection to agreement metrics. Data was collected from Portuguese university psychology students, who completed two rounds of questionnaires. In the first round annotators were asked to rate word pairs on either semantic similarity or relatedness. The second round switched the relation type for most annotators, with a small percentage being asked to repeat the same relation. The instructions given emphasized the differences between semantic relatedness and semantic similarity, and provided examples of expected ratings of both. There are few semantic relations datasets in Portuguese, and none focusing on affective words. PAP900 is distributed in distinct formats to be easy to use for both researchers just looking for the final averaged values and for researchers looking to take advantage of the individual ratings, the word categorization and the annotator data. This dataset is a valuable resource for researchers in computational linguistics, natural language processing, psychology, and cognitive science. (c) 2025TheAuthors.

Abstract
It is widely recognized that the well-being, health, and productivity of office workers can be influenced by indoor environmental quality (IEQ) conditions in the workplace. This study aimed to investigate associations between multi-domain IEQ in offices and workers' well-being, health, productivity, and perceived IEQ in 30 open office spaces (6 buildings) located in the urban area of Porto, Portugal. This cross-sectional study included 277 office workers and used a combination of methods to assess their perceptions and physiological responses. Data were collected through questionnaires (covering self-reported well-being, health, productivity, and IEQ satisfaction), pupillometry (autonomic nervous system activity), and concurrent monitoring of IEQ. Correlation, comparative, and regression methods were used to explore associations and differences between IEQ indicators and participants' outcomes. The findings showed that offices typically met acceptable IEQ standards. However, a higher prevalence of health problems and symptoms was observed in offices with higher levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM10), and ultrafine particles (UFP). Interestingly, offices with higher CO2, PM2.5, and volatile organic compounds concentrations were linked to a reduced likelihood of participants reporting asthma, dry cough, and allergies. Additionally, thermal discomfort due to high temperatures, increased PM2.5, UFP, CO2, and O3, and low illuminance appear to reduce eye response in office workers. Higher CO2 and noise levels, and temperatures outside the comfortable range, were linked to lower productivity. The multi-domain analysis showed that perception of multiple IEQ factors significantly explained both self-reported productivity and overall satisfaction with work environment. Overall, ensuring proper IEQ and enhancing workers' satisfaction are essential for creating healthy and productive workplaces. © 2025

Abstract
Around 80% of websites change significantly or disappear altogether after the first year, resulting in the loss of invaluable information. In this volatile scenario, preserving online content is increasingly essential. This is especially critical for local news outlets, which produce a wealth of information within the unique context of their communities but often lack sufficient archiving resources. In this paper, we take a significant step forward by leveraging the information preserved by the Portuguese Web Archive, Arquivo.pt, to recreate the website of a local news outlet. This online demo grants users direct access to previously lost news articles, images, and front covers, thus contributing to preserving local digital heritage. An IR system was also implemented to ensure easy access, along with a recommendation system based on BERT embeddings to suggest related news articles and enhance user engagement. As a final contribution, we also provide a Python package, enabling others to replicate the process of collecting, processing, retrieving, and recreating websites for local news outlets in Portugal. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

Abstract
This study seeks to comprehensively analyze the multidimensional determinants underlying perceptions of safety, security, and comfort in transport mode choice, specifically focusing on private transport, public transport and walking. The research begins with an extensive literature review to identify and delve into the factors influencing perceptions of safety, security, and comfort across various transport modes. This inquiry is further enhanced by organizing two focused group sessions. A total of 35 key factors were identified, forming the basis for subsequent investigation. The study then progressed to the development and administration of a survey aimed at capturing responses from a diverse audience, with the goal of exploring the factors influencing perceptions related to different transport modes. A total of 302 responses were collected and meticulously analyzed to discern the factors impacting various relationships and to identify consistent perceptions across diverse transport modes. Additionally, a factor analysis was conducted to validate the findings derived from the data. The outcomes of this research constitute a significant contribution to the existing literature, offering valuable insights that pave the way for a more holistic understanding of the factors guiding transport mode choices. © The Author(s) 2025.

Abstract
Air pollution is a global challenge with deep implications in public health and environment. We examine air quality data from a monitoring station in Entrecampos, Lisbon, Portugal, using Symbolic Data Analysis. The dataset consists of hourly concentrations of nine pollutants during three years, which are logarithmically transformed and aggregated in intervals, taking the daily minimum and maximum values. The symbolic mean and variance are estimated for each variable through the method of moments, and the pairwise dependencies are captured using a bivariate copula. Symbolic principal component scores are obtained from the estimated covariance matrix and used to fit generalized extreme value distributions. Outlier maps, based on these distributions’ quantiles, are used to identify outlying observations. A comparative analysis with daily average-based outlier detection methods is conducted. The results show the relevance of Symbolic Data Analysis in revealing new insights into air quality. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

Abstract
The aging of the Portuguese population is a multifaceted challenge that requires a coordinated and comprehensive response from society. In this context, social service institutions play a fundamental role in providing aid and support to the elderly, ensuring that they can enjoy a dignified and fulfilling life even in the face of the challenges of aging. This research proposes a Balanced Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem based on the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm (ACO-BmTSP) to solve a distribution of meals problem in the municipality of Mogadouro, Portugal. The Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem (mTSP) is an NP-complete problem where m salesmen perform a shortest tour between different cities, visiting each only once. The primary purpose is to minimize the sum of all distance traveled by all salesmen keeping the tours balanced. This paper shows the results of computing obtained for three, four, and five agents with this new approach and their comparison with other approaches like the standard Particle Swarm Optimization and Ant Colony Optimization algorithms. As can be seen, the ACO-BmTSP, in addition to obtaining much more equitable paths, also achieves better results in lower total costs. In conclusion, some benchmark problems were used to evaluate the efficiency of ACO-BmTSP, and the results clearly indicate that this algorithm represents a strong alternative to be considered when the problem size involves fewer than one hundred locations.