Abstract
The number of electric vehicles (EVs) continues to increase in the automobile market, driven by public policies since they contribute to the global decarbonization of the transportation sector. Still, the main challenge to increasing EV adoption is charging infrastructure. Therefore, the site selection of public EV charging stations should be made very carefully to maximize EV usage and address the population’s range anxiety. Since electricity demand for charging EVs introduces new load shapes, the interrelationship between the location of charging stations and long-term electrical grid planning must be addressed. The selection of the most suitable site involves conflicting criteria, requiring the application of multi-criteria analysis. Thus, a geographic information system-based Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach is applied in this work to address the charging station site selection, where the demographic criteria and energy density are taken into account to formulate an EV increase model. Several methods, including Fuzzy TOPSIS, are applied to validate the selection of suitable sites. In this evaluation, the impact of the EV charging station on the substation capacity is assessed through a high EV penetration scenario. The proposed method is applied in Cuenca, Ecuador. Results show the effectiveness of MCDA in assessing the impact of charging stations on power distribution systems ensuring suitable system operation under substation capacity reserves.

Abstract
In global commerce, marked by the relentless advance of digital technology, businesses find themselves constantly challenged to devise innovative and disruptive marketing strategies. Adapting to these changes is no longer a choice but a necessity. To thrive, companies must remain vigilant, updating their resources and adopting emerging trends with unwavering agility. Contemporary Trends in Innovative Marketing Strategies explores the demands and dynamics of modern marketing. This book is tailored to meet the needs of students, educators, and managers seeking a profound understanding of today's marketing trends. Firstly, the book delves deep into the current trends steering marketing innovation. It dissects the latest developments that are reshaping the marketing landscape, identifies pivotal trends, and elucidates their ramifications for businesses. Secondly, the book embarks on a journey to explore innovative marketing strategies engineered to confront contemporary business challenges and seize emerging opportunities. It unlocks novel approaches that adeptly cater to the market, providing insights into strategic frameworks, methodologies, and practices. Lastly, the book illustrates these concepts with real-world case studies, offering proof of innovative marketing's successful applications across diverse business sectors. These cases serve to inspire and demonstrate how innovative marketing strategies can be put into action, resulting in tangible outcomes. This book is designed for a diverse audience, including academics and students keen on exploring the latest trends in innovative marketing, educators searching for compelling case studies to enhance their teaching materials, and practitioners eager to bridge the gap between research and practical application in innovative marketing. Its contents span a wide array of topics at the forefront of marketing innovation. Key themes encompass digital marketing strategies, sustainability-driven marketing, the marriage of data analytics and marketing intelligence, and the impact of emerging technologies on marketing strategies. Additionally, it delves into the challenges and best practices of driving marketing innovation within organizations, touching on subjects such as entrepreneurship, supply chain management, and internal marketing. © 2024 by IGI Global. All rights reserved.

Abstract
Context. The GRAVITY beam-combiner at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer has recently made important contributions to many different fields of astronomy, from observations of the Galactic centre to the study of massive stars, young stellar objects, exoplanet atmospheres, and active galactic nuclei. These achievements were only made possible by the development of several key technologies, including the development of reliable and high-performance fringe trackers. These systems compensate for disturbances ranging from atmospheric turbulence to vibrations in the optical system, enabling long exposures and ensuring the stability of interferometric measurements. Aims. As part of the ongoing GRAVITY+ upgrade of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer infrastructure, we aim to improve the performance of the GRAVITY fringe tracker, and to enable its use by other instruments. Methods. We modified the group-delay controller to consistently maintain tracking in the white-light fringe, which is characterised by a minimum group delay. Additionally, we introduced a novel approach in which fringe-tracking is performed in the non-observable optical path length state-space using a covariance-weighted Kalman filter and an auto-regressive model of the disturbance. We outline this new state-space representation and the formalism we used to propagate the state vector and generate the control signal. While our approach is presented specifically in the context of GRAVITY/GRAVITY+, it can easily be adapted to other instruments or interfero-metric facilities. Results. We successfully demonstrate phase-delay tracking within a single fringe, with any spurious phase jumps detected and corrected in less than 100 ms. We also report a significant performance improvement, as shown by a reduction of similar to 30 to 40% in phase residuals, and a much better behaviour under sub-optimal atmospheric conditions. Compared to what was observed in 2019, the median residuals have decreased from 150 nm to 100 nm on the Auxiliary Telescopes and from 250 nm to 150 nm on the Unit Telescopes. Conclusions. The improved phase-delay tracking combined with white-light fringe tracking means that from now on, the GRAVITY fringe tracker can be used by other instruments operating in different wavebands. The only limitation remains the need for an adjustment of the optical path dispersion.

Abstract
This tutorial delves into the transformative power of asking effective questions in engineering information systems. We explore how crafting well-defined questions in both the problem space (what issue are we addressing?) and the solution space (how will we approach it?) is paramount for success. The session will unveil the intricate relationship between these questions - how the what shapes the how and vice versa. We move beyond the fear of asking naive questions, demonstrating how these can spark innovation and reveal hidden assumptions. By the end, attendees will have a powerful and easy-to-use technique that removes the fear from questions.

Abstract
Traditionally, proportional-integral (PI) control has ensured the successful application of automatic generation control (AGC). Two design features of AGC-PI are the following: (1) it is merely a reactive system which does not take full advantage of existing knowledge about the system and (2) the control signal sent to all units is divided proportionally to their participation in the AGC. These two features ensure simplicity and, thus, reliability for the regular functioning of the power system. However, when the power system is recovering from a loss of generation, such features can become shortcomings. This paper proposes a model predictive control (MPC) to improve performance of AGC in such a scenario. The contrast with the traditional approach is as follows: instead of using merely two system measures which are also the control objectives (frequency and interconnection flow), the proposed controller relies on an internal model that takes advantage of further known variables of the power system, especifically the ramping capabilities of participating units. While still respecting the participation factors, it is shown that the proposed model allows to exhaust earlier the availability of faster units, such as some demand response, as the one to be provided by hydrogen electrolysers, and thus reestablishes the frequency and interconnection flows in a faster way than typical AGC-PI.

Abstract
Energy consumption has increased exponentially due to population growth leading to an increasing impact on natural resources. Green hydrogen (H-2) offers a safer alternative to fossil fuels, making it a promising alternative for sustainable energy consumption. However, due to H-2's flammability it is crucial to monitor its concentrations in the environment. Optical sensors have been developed to monitor H-2 concentrations in harsh environments with high sensitivity and remote measurement. In this work, a numerical study and experimental validation of an optical fiber sensor based on Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) for H-2 detection are presented. This sensor is composed of a multi-mode fiber with a SPR structure of a metal/dielectric/Pd, where the Pd acts as a sensitive layer. The plasmonic active materials studied are Ag and Au, while TiO2 and SiO2 are used as dielectrics, finding that the metal materials have more impact on the SPR band definition, while the dielectric layers have an impact on the band spectral position. The optimized configuration with 25nm/60nm/3nm of Au/TiO2/Pd was experimentally developed, obtaining a wavelength shift of 19nm for 2kPa of H-2, validating the numerical results, and confirming the possibility of using this type of system for H-2 detection.