Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, with survivors often facing significant challenges in regaining upper-limb functionality. In response, robotic rehabilitation systems have emerged as promising tools to enhance post-stroke recovery by delivering precise, adaptable, and patient-specific therapy. This paper presents a review of robotic interfaces developed specifically for upper-limb rehabilitation. It analyses existing exoskeleton- and end-effector-based systems, with respect to three core design pillars: assistance types, control philosophies, and actuation methods. The review highlights that most solutions favor electrically actuated exoskeletons, which use impedance- or electromyography-driven control, with active assistance being the predominant rehabilitation mode. Resistance-providing systems remain underutilized. Furthermore, no hybrid approaches featuring the combination of robotic manipulators with actuated interfaces were found. This paper also identifies a recent trend towards lightweight, modular, and portable solutions and discusses the challenges in bridging research prototypes with clinical adoption. By focusing exclusively on upper-limb applications, this work provides a targeted reference for researchers and engineers developing next-generation rehabilitation technologies.

Abstract

This document is intended to present a benchmark of multiple good practices in the context of internationalization studies, particularly focused on digital electronics and programmable devices, yet is not limited to them. This paper will start with a comprehensive paper desk analysis together with an in-depth research process that should lead to the selection of innovative tools applied to digital systems. International initiatives are oriented towards increasing the quality of higher education by motivating teachers of STEM disciplines to use a multidisciplinary approach and teach with the massive support of technologies like Classroom, MS-Teams, Blackboard, etc. The central goal is to suggest and recommend a model for integrating intermediate and advanced digital electronics subjects (e.g., FPGA, microcontrollers, etc.) and ICT in international teaching approaches such as Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL), Project-based Learning (PBL) and Real Remote Labs (RRL). This is the approach sought by the European Project DECEL.

Abstract
Teaching the processes of designing digital electronic systems is becoming an increasingly challenging task. Design methodologies and tools have evolved to cope with the ever-growing complexity and density, raising the abstraction level of the source design far away from the logic circuit. However, it is of paramount importance that fresh students start by understanding the fundamental concepts of Boolean algebra, design, and optimization of combinational and sequential gatelevel circuits, before moving to higher abstract concepts and tools. For this, hands-on practice with simple real digital circuits is essential to understanding the essentials of the operation of digital circuits and how digital data is propagated and transformed from block to block. In this paper we present a distributed infrastructure based on the network protocol MQTT to support the deployment of distributed digital systems built with parts located in different physical locations. Thus, promoting the implementation of collaborative online learning/teaching activities will be one of our main goals. Experimental results show latencies between remote sites in the range of a few tens of milliseconds, which is acceptable for running simple digital systems at low speeds, which is necessary for being perceived and understanded by people.

Abstract
The Digital electronics collaborative enhanced learning (DECEL) project has recently developed an international collaborative education course. Its main objective is to enhance the digital electronics skills of international students by working on a complex, multidisciplinary applied problem using a mixed digital architecture. We have developed a logic level synthesis and dedicated software layers on the Red Pitaya FPGA platform. The diversity of digital concepts to be implemented, from hardware description language (HDL) to high-level languages such as Python or Matlab, forced the students to work together and rapidly improve their skills. Their motivation was fueled by the curiosity of controlling an ultrasound probe to obtain ultrasound signatures. This particular physics, little known to the students, was an additional source of curiosity. The goal of forming an image in a liquid medium was an additional motivating factor for them. The students reported that they learned a lot from the experiment. Thus, the technical parts and pedagogical results are documented in this work for reproducibility.

Abstract
Human oversight can benefit scenarios with complex tasks, such as pallet docking and loading and unloading containers, beyond the current capabilities of autonomous systems without any failures. Furthermore, teleoperation systems allow remote control of mobile ground robots, especially with the surge of 5G technology that promises reliable and low latency communication. Current works research on exploring the latest features from the 5G standard, including ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (uRLLC) and network slicing. However, these features may not be available depending on the Internet Service Provider (ISP) and communication devices. Thus, this work proposes a network architecture for the teleoperation of ground mobile robots in industrial environments using commercially available devices over the 5G Non-Standalone (NSA) standard. Experimental results include an evaluation of the network and End-to-End (E2E) latency of the proposed system. The results show that the proposed architecture enables teleoperation, achieving an average E2E latency of 347.19 ms.