Abstract
This paper presents a generic infusion pump user interface (GIP-UI) architecture that intends to capture the common characteristics and functionalities of interactive software incorporated in broad classes of infusion pumps. It is designed to facilitate the identification of use hazards and their causes in infusion pump designs. This architecture constitutes our first effort at establishing a model-based risk analysis methodology that helps manufacturers identify and mitigate use hazards in their products at early stages of the development life-cycle. The applicability of the GIP-UI architecture has been confirmed in a hazard analysis focusing on the number entry software of existing infusion pumps, in which the GIP-UI architecture is used to identify a substantial set of user interface design errors that may contribute to use hazards found in infusion pump incidents. © Paolo Masci, Yi Zhang, Paul Jones, Harold Thimbleby, and Paul Curzon.

Abstract
In this paper the first steps for the derivation of a mathematical model to describe the mechanical behaviour of a cylindrical electromagnetic vibration energy harvester, designed to extract energy from human gait to power biomedical implantable devices, are provided. As it is usual, in the modelling of such devices, the proposed mechanical model is also based on the solution of Newton's second law, but here a nonlinear closed-form expression is used for the resulting magnetic force of the system, unlike what has been done in previous works where, traditionally, that expression is a linear or is a nonlinear approximation of the real one. The main feature of this mechanical model is that it depends on several parameters which are related to the main characteristics of this kind of devices, which constitutes a major advantage with respect to the usual models available in the literature since these characteristics can always be changed in order to optimize the device. © 2014 © 2014 Taylor & Francis.

Abstract
Electronic access to patient's medication history (PMH) in the emergency department (ED) in Portugal is not widely granted, nor has the importance of such access been clearly assessed. Given the known association between poor PMH and medication errors, the goal of this study was to gather requirements for such a system, assessing physicians' opinions regarding the importance of having access to PMH in the ED. A questionnaire was sent to all Portuguese public hospitals which approved the study, and forwarded by email by the internal services of each hospital to ED physicians. Fourteen hospitals authorized the study, from which 83 ED physicians answered the questionnaire. PMH-related information considered most important focused on medication name and posology (> 90%) and date and dose of prescription (> 80%), but also date of dispensing of medications (> 40%). Other information such as allergies (99%) and adverse reactions (96%) were similarly considered important, and physicians agree with the inclusion of nonprescription medications (85%) as well as homeopathic medicines (64%). Overall, access to PMH in the ED appears to be important and present benefits to patients' care. Given this, electronic access to PHM should be settled in Portuguese ED.

Abstract
Identifying bad design patterns in software is a successful and inspiring research trend. While these patterns do not necessarily correspond to software errors, the fact is that they raise potential problematic issues, often referred to as code smells, and that can for example compromise maintainability or evolution. The identification of code smells in spreadsheets, which can be viewed as software development environments for non-professional programmers, has already been the subject of confluent researches by different groups. While these research groups have focused on detecting smells on concrete spreadsheets, or spreadsheet instances, in this paper we propose a comprehensive set of smells for abstract representations of spreadsheets, or spreadsheet models. We also propose a set of refactorings suggesting how spreadsheet models can become simpler to understand, manipulate and evolve. Finally we present the integration of both smells and refactorings under the MDSheet framework.

Abstract
We present a structure editor that aims to facilitate the presentation and manipulation of handwritten mathematical expressions. The editor is oriented to the calculational mathematics involved in algorithmic problem solving and it provides features that allow reliable structure manipulation of mathematical formulae, as well as flexible and interactive presentations. We describe some of its most important features, including the use of gestures to manipulate algebraic formulae, the structured selection of expressions, definition and redefinition of operators in runtime, gesture's editor, and handwritten templates. The editor is made available in the form of a C# class library which can be easily used to extend existing tools. For example, we have extended Classroom Presenter, a tool for ink-based teaching presentations and classroom interaction. We have tested and evaluated the editor with target users. The results obtained seem to indicate that the software is usable, suitable for its purpose and a valuable contribution to teaching and learning algorithmic problem solving.

Abstract