Abstract
This paper examines the role of digital twins (DTs) in promoting sustainability within seaport operations and logistics. DTs have emerged as promising tools for enhancing seaport performance. Despite the recognized potential of DTs in seaports, there is a paucity of research on their practical implementation and impact on seaport sustainability. Through a systematic literature review, this study seeks to elucidate how DTs contribute to the sustainability of seaports and to identify future research and practical applications. We reviewed and categorized 68 conceptual and practical digital applications into ten core areas that effectively support economic, social, and environmental objectives in seaports. Furthermore, this paper proposes five preliminary potential applications for DTs where practical implementations are currently lacking. The primary findings indicate that DTs can enhance seaport sustainability by facilitating real-time monitoring and decision-making, improving safety and security, optimizing resource utilization, enhancing collaboration and communication, and supporting the development of the seaport ecosystem. Additionally, this study addresses the challenges associated with DT implementation, including high costs, conflicting stakeholder priorities, data quality and availability, and model validation. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for seaport managers and policymakers.

Abstract
Purpose: This study addresses the development of a variant process planning tool, following the Knowledge-Based Variant Process Planning methodology, applied in a case study and presents the gains achieved. Methodology/Approach: Case study supported by six steps: (1) Feature Analysis, (2) Knowledge Retrieval, (3) Inference, (4) Plan Adaptation, (5) Knowledge Update, and (6) Plan Validation/Optimisation. Findings: The implementation of the Knowledge-Based Variant Process Planning tool led to significant improvements: planner time reduced by 70%, analyst workload by 90%, and process plan errors to 0%. Results show this approach significantly improves process planning in customised production. Research Limitation/Implication: The limitations are associated with the specificity of the case study problem-the electric engine production systems. Originality/Value of paper: This study helps fill the gap in case studies on the Variant Process Planning approach, specifically for electric engine production systems, paving the way for similar companies to adopt Knowledge-Based Variant Process Planning.

Abstract
Demand-Driven Material Requirements Planning (DDMRP) has been proposed as a solution for managing uncertainty and variability in supply chains by combining decoupling, buffer management and demand-driven planning principles. A key element of DDMRP is its inventory replenishment model, which relies on dynamically adjusted inventory buffers rather than fixed stock levels. However, parameterization of these buffers often involves subjective choices, raising concerns about consistency and performance. This paper assesses the DDMRP replenishment model through discrete-event simulation of a multi-echelon, capacity-constrained production system. Two alternative formulations of the safety stock term in the red zone are compared: the original factor-based approach and a revised formula that incorporates measurable variability coefficients. While both safety stock formulations yield similar numerical results, the revised formula enhances transparency and reduces subjectivity. Assessing the impact of introducing a buffer for components in addition to a finished goods buffer further shows that the components buffer can reduce finished goods inventory requirements while maintaining service levels. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the DDMRP replenishment model, offering practical insights for parameter selection and supply chain design.

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Abstract
E-commerce popularity has increased the challenges of parcel deliveries, highlighting the urgency in addressing the sustainability of the last-mile, which is considered the most ineffective part of the supply chain and a source of environmental and social issues. Although different alternative last-mile technologies have already been proposed, they all imply complex trade-offs. This study explores how synergies between delivery technologies could improve last-mile logistics. It evaluates the trade-offs between electric vans, cargo bikes, and parcel lockers, and takes into account factors such as package size, consumer requirement, and urban context. The adoption of a combined delivery strategy suggests environmental and social benefits like the mitigation of congestion and emissions while ensuring advantages for companies due to streamlined operations and offering consumers a broader range of choices.

Abstract
The advent of new technologies has led to significant changes in the field of marketing, demanding a rethinking of existing knowledge and skills. This research proposes a set of transversal curricula in digital marketing. The methodology employed included an exploratory analysis of digital marketing courses offered at universities and major online platforms, focus groups, and interviews, conducted in four countries. The countries included in the study were Finland, Poland, the Netherlands, and Portugal. The findings indicated that an introductory course and specialization blocks would be beneficial. Social media, analytics, digital advertising, search engine optimization (SEO), digital marketing strategies, web content, e-mail marketing, customer experience, landing pages, user experience, leads, conversion rate optimization, and E-commerce were identified as the key subjects of study for the introductory course in digital marketing.