Abstract

Abstract
This paper addresses the optimal sizing of renewable energy systems (RESs) in a microgrid (MG), where the MG participates in the electricity market. A novel method for reliability analysis is proposed in this study to deal with the high penetration of RESs. In this framework, the MG is considered as a price maker, having a two-direction relation with the electricity market. RESs, including photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines (WTs), and fuel cells, are optimally sized based on the reliability index, and the results are evaluated before and after the MG involvement in the electricity market. The results show a 3.6% decrease in the total cost of the microgrid as a result of the transactions with the electricity market. Furthermore, the efficiency of the proposed approximate reliability method is verified, where the reliability of the MG is evaluated with less computational complexity and acceptable accuracy.

Abstract
As part of the ongoing climate and energy framework, the European Commission raised recently the 2030 greenhouse gas emission reduction target, moving towards a climate-neutral economy. Transportation represents almost a quarter of Europe’s greenhouse gas emissions, and it is the remaining sector with increasing emissions, above 1990 levels. Considering also the evolving necessity for the reduction of fossil fuels dependency, Europe’s strategy has been designed to support an irreversible shift toward low-emission electric mobility. In this context, the present work assesses the performance of electric mobility in European countries, by using a dynamic analysis in the period 2015–2019, framed in four sustainable dimensions, economy, technology, environment and society. The methodology aggregates several sub-indicators in a composite indicator by using the Data Envelopment Analysis, and evaluates the dynamic change in the sustainable performance through the biennial Malmquist index. Main results indicate that the total productivity change has been improved mainly due to the progression of the frontier that has been observed for all countries from 2018. However, an increasing number of countries have had more difficulties to adopt the best sustainable electric mobility practices, being necessary to design strategies to promote them, mainly in underperforming countries. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Abstract
Data Science is a tool for organizations to accelerate the development of innovative solutions through collaboration among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), leading to the Industry 4.0 approach. Data is essential in decision-making. Many organizations can't access timely relevant information because they don't own it or there is a lack of collaboration among third parties. Often, data-sharing and collaborative approaches can benefit both, increase the market they operate in, and accelerate innovation. This paper identifies and analyzes the current utility of Data Science for Industry 4.0 from an Open Design perspective to accelerate innovation across different industries. © 2022 The Author(s).

Abstract

Abstract
Renewable energy has a key role to play in the transition towards a low-carbon society. Despite its importance, relatively little attention has been focused on the crucial impact of weather and climate on energy demand and supply, or the generation or operational planning of renewable technologies. In particular, to improve the operation and longer-term planning of renewables, it is essential to consider seasonal and subseasonal weather forecasting. Unfortunately, reports that focus on these issues are not common in scientific literature. This paper presents a systematic review of the seasonal forecasting of wind and wind power for the Iberian Peninsula and the Canary Islands, a region leading the world in the development of renewable energies (particularly wind) and thus an important illustration in global terms. To this end, we consider the scientific literature published over the last 13 years (2008–2021). An initial search of this literature produced 14,293 documents, but our review suggests that only around 0.2% are actually relevant to our purposes. The results show that the teleconnection patterns (North Atlantic Oscillation [NAO], East Atlantic [EA] and Scandinavian [SCAND]) and the stratosphere are important sources of predictability of winds in the Iberian Peninsula. We conclude that the existing literature in this crucial area is very limited, which points to the need for increased research efforts, that could lead to great returns. Moreover, the approach and methods developed here could be applied to other areas for which systematic reviews might be either useful or necessary.