Abstract

Abstract
In the original version of this article, "Data availability" statement was mistakenly inserted. The following data availability statement should be removed. As a final point, while the traditional independent demand model involves comparing unconstrained bookings with unconstrained demand forecasts to assess prediction accuracy, handling dependent demand is more complex, since the availability of a class affects the demand for other classes. Therefore, it is essential to have forecast data for all control policies, as advocated by Fiig et al. (2014), to establish a standardized method for computing forecast errors. This ensures the accurate functionality of the predictive model for optimal margin correction. The original article has been corrected. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2024.

Abstract
We cannot neglect digital literacy because it is undeniable how much technology is part of our lives. Ignoring it and the tools and services it provides us, which greatly facilitate the human experience, is simply a mistake. Recognising the importance of digital literacy, primarily due to the digital transformation in Portugal, it will be necessary to have technological skills to overcome some limitations. Information and Communication Technologies are seen in this environment as a factor that can contribute, on a large scale, to the inclusion of individuals with a digital literacy deficit, both in the Portuguese Local Public Administration and in society in general. The growth of digital transformation causes almost all jobs to need digital skills and participation in society. It takes digitally intelligent employees who know not only to use but also innovate and lead to new technologies because digital transformation may not be successful without that capacity. Thus, it is pertinent to develop, propose and validate an explanatory model that improves the relationship between digital transformation in Portuguese Local Public Administration and the digital literacy of its employees.

Abstract
Simple Summary Due to limited proteomic data for rabbit spermatozoa and less comprehensive databases compared to humans, we conducted a combined bioinformatic analysis of the proteome of rabbit X (RX) and human X and Y (HX and HY) chromosomes to identify membrane-associated proteins, particularly those accessible from the cell surface, for potential applications in sperm sexing techniques. Our analysis found 100 (RX), 211 (HX), and 3 (HY) plasma membrane or cell surface-associated proteins, of which 61, 132, and 3 are potentially accessible from the cell surface. Notably, among the HX targets, 60 could serve as additional RX targets not previously identified, bringing the total to 121 RX targets. Furthermore, at least 53 out of the 114 potential common HX and RX targets chromosomes have been previously identified in human spermatozoa, emphasizing their potential as targets of X-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa. The utility of these proteins as targets of rabbit X-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa warrants further exploration.Abstract Studying proteins associated with sex chromosomes can provide insights into sex-specific proteins. Membrane proteins accessible through the cell surface may serve as excellent targets for diagnostic, therapeutic, or even technological purposes, such as sperm sexing technologies. In this context, proteins encoded by sex chromosomes have the potential to become targets for X- or Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa. Due to the limited availability of proteomic studies on rabbit spermatozoa and poorly annotated databases for rabbits compared to humans, a bioinformatic analysis of the available rabbit X chromosome proteome (RX), as well as the human X (HX) and Y (HY) chromosomes proteome, was conducted to identify potential targets that could be accessible from the cell surface and predict which of the potential targets identified in humans might also exist in rabbits. We identified 100, 211, and 3 proteins associated with the plasma membrane or cell surface for RX, HX, and HY, respectively, of which 61, 132, and 3 proteins exhibit potential as targets as they were predicted to be accessible from the cell surface. Cross-referencing the potential HX targets with the rabbit proteome revealed an additional 60 proteins with the potential to be RX targets, resulting in a total of 121 potential RX targets. In addition, at least 53 possible common HX and RX targets have been previously identified in human spermatozoa, emphasizing their potential as targets of X-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa. Further proteomic studies on rabbit sperm will be essential to identify and validate the usefulness of these proteins for application in rabbit sperm sorting techniques as targets of X-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa.

Abstract
The Mid-Infrared ELT Imager and Spectrograph (METIS) will be one of only three 1st-generation science instruments on the 39m Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). METIS will provide diffraction-limited imaging and medium resolution slit-spectroscopy from 3-13 microns (L, M, and N bands), as well as high resolution (R approximate to 100,000) integral field spectroscopy from 2.9-5.3 microns. Both imaging and IFU spectroscopy can be combined with coronagraphic techniques. After the final design reviews of the optics (2021) and the entire system (2022), most hardware procurements have started. In this paper we present an overview of the status of the various ongoing activities. Many hardware components are already in hand, and the manufacturing is in full swing in order to start the assembly and testing of the subsystems in 2024 toward first light at the telescope in 2028/29. This rather brief paper only provides an overview of the project status. For more information, we refer to the detailed instrument paper which will be published soon.

Abstract
As the Internet evolves from TLS 1.2 to TLS 1.3, it offers enhanced security against network eavesdropping for online communications. However, this advancement also enables malicious command and control (C2) traffic to more effectively evade malware detectors and intrusion detection systems. Among other capabilities, TLS 1.3 introduces encryption for most handshake messages and conceals the actual TLS record content type, complicating the task for state-of-the-art C2 traffic classifiers that were initially developed for TLS 1.2 traffic. Given the pressing need to accurately detect malicious C2 communications, this paper examines to what extent existing C2 classifiers for TLS 1.2 are less effective when applied to TLS 1.3 traffic, posing a central research question: is it possible to adapt TLS 1.2 detection methodologies for C2 traffic to work with TLS 1.3 flows? We answer this question affirmatively by introducing new methods for inferring certificate size and filtering handshake/protocolrelated records in TLS 1.3 flows. These techniques enable the extraction of key features for enhancing traffic detection and can be utilized to pre-process data flows before applying C2 classifiers. We demonstrate that this approach facilitates the use of existing TLS 1.2 C2 classifiers with high efficacy, allowing for the passive classification of encrypted network traffic. In our tests, we inferred certificate sizes with an average error of 1.0%, and achieved detection rates of 100% when classifying traffic based on certificate size, and over 93% when classifying TLS 1.3 traffic behavior after training solely on TLS 1.2 traffic. To our knowledge, these are the first findings to showcase specialized TLS 1.3 C2 traffic classification.