Abstract
The practical relevance and challenging nature of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) have motivated the Operations Research community to consider different practical requirements and problem variants throughout the years. However, businesses still face increasingly specific and complex transportation re-quirements that need to be tackled, one of them being synchronisation. No literature contextualises syn-chronisation among other types of problem aspects of the VRP, increasing ambiguity in the nomenclature used by the community. The contributions of this paper originate from a literature review and are three-fold. First, new conceptual and classification schemas are proposed to analyse literature and re-organise different interdependencies that arise in routing decisions. Secondly, a modelling framework is presented based on the proposed schemas. Finally, an extensive literature review identifies future research gaps and opportunities in the field of VRPs with synchronisation.(c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )

Abstract
There are currently important challenges imposed by stellar noise often associated with the discovery and characterization of exoplanets similar to Earth. In particular, various physical processes occurring on the stellar photosphere modify stellar spectra, severely challenging the detection and characterization of low-mass planets. A detailed study of the Sun can be used as a spectral proxy to a better understanding of the variable noise sources present in solartype stars. By obtaining full integrations of the solar disk (sun-as-a-star observations) in combination with high resolution, spatially resolved observations of smaller areas, the acquired spectra will help in the identification of individual stellar features responsible for the observed spectral deformations. The Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco (Portugal) is currently developing an instrument to approach this challenge. In conjunction with the high-resolution spectrograph ESPRESSO (spectral resolutions of R similar to 140 000 and similar to 190 000, HR and UHR modes, respectively), the Paranal solar ESPRESSO Telescope (PoET) will have two dedicated telescopes to map the Sun's surface through disk-resolved and disk-integrated measurements, with respective telescope diameters of 600 and 75 millimeters. PoET has the requirement to perform disk-resolved observations from 1 to 60 arcseconds in conjunction with the full disk. In this work, a summary of the current configuration of the system - PoET's telescopes and their frontends - will be given, as well as the preliminary assumptions made to build PoET, with consideration for the light requirements of the ESPRESSO spectrograph.

Abstract
PurposeExergames, which combine digital games and physical exercise, have become increasingly popular for rehabilitation in the health domain. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of exergame rehabilitation on the quality of life of cancer patients undergoing abdominal surgery.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of exergame rehabilitation on the quality of life of cancer patients who had undergone abdominal surgery. Seventy postoperative patients were included, and data collection took place between January 2023 and May 2023. The patients were randomly assigned to either an exergame rehabilitation program (n = 35) or a traditional rehabilitation program (n = 35). The assessed outcome was the quality of life, and data collection occurred at three different time points: upon admission, 48 h postoperatively, and on the 7th day after surgery.ResultsQuality of life was evaluated using the WHOQOL-BREF Scale. At the third assessment, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups (p = 0.016), indicating that the intervention group had a higher quality of life than the control group.ConclusionsThe study showed a positive effect of exergames on the population under investigation. By the 7th day after surgery, the intervention group demonstrated an improvement in their quality of life compared to the control group.Clinical trial registrationCenter of Open Science OSF https://osf.io/286zb/, registered in July, 2023.

Abstract
Teaching the processes of designing digital electronic systems is becoming an increasingly challenging task. Design methodologies and tools have evolved to cope with the ever-growing complexity and density, raising the abstraction level of the source design far away from the logic circuit. However, it is of paramount importance that fresh students start by understanding the fundamental concepts of Boolean algebra, design, and optimization of combinational and sequential gatelevel circuits, before moving to higher abstract concepts and tools. For this, hands-on practice with simple real digital circuits is essential to understanding the essentials of the operation of digital circuits and how digital data is propagated and transformed from block to block. In this paper we present a distributed infrastructure based on the network protocol MQTT to support the deployment of distributed digital systems built with parts located in different physical locations. Thus, promoting the implementation of collaborative online learning/teaching activities will be one of our main goals. Experimental results show latencies between remote sites in the range of a few tens of milliseconds, which is acceptable for running simple digital systems at low speeds, which is necessary for being perceived and understanded by people.

Abstract
Incidental visualizations convey information to a person during an ongoing primary task, without the person consciously searching for or requesting that information. They differ from glanceable visualizations by not being people's main focus, and from ambient visualizations by not being embedded in the environment. Instead, they are presented as secondary information that can be observed without a person losing focus on their current task. However, despite extensive research on glanceable and ambient visualizations, the topic of incidental visualizations is yet a novel topic in current research. To bridge this gap, we conducted an empirical user study presenting participants with an incidental visualization while performing a primary task. We aimed to understand how complexity contributory factors - task complexity, output complexity, and pressure - affected primary task performance and incidental visualization accuracy. Our findings showed that incidental visualizations effectively conveyed information without disrupting the primary task, but working memory limitations should be considered. Additionally, output and pressure significantly influenced the primary task's results. In conclusion, our study provides insights into the perception accuracy and performance impact of incidental visualizations in relation to complexity factors. (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Zhejiang University and Zhejiang University Press Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Abstract
Reducing the gap between renewable energy needs and supply is crucial to achieve sustainable growth. Hydroelectric power production predictions in several Madeira Island catchment regions are shown in this article using Long Short-Term Memory, LSTM, networks. In order to foresee hydro reservoirs inflows, our models take into account the island's dynamic precipitation and flow rates and simplify the process of water moving from the cloud to the turbine. The model developed for the Socorridos Faja Rodrigues system demonstrates the proficiency of LSTMs in capturing the unexpected flow behavior through its low RMSE. When it comes to energy planning, the model built for the CTIII Paul Velho system gives useful information despite its lower accuracy when it comes to anticipating problems.