Abstract
Concept drift primarily refers to an online supervised learning scenario when the relation between the input data and the target variable changes over time. Assuming a general knowledge of supervised learning in this article, we characterize adaptive learning processes; categorize existing strategies for handling concept drift; overview the most representative, distinct, and popular techniques and algorithms; discuss evaluation methodology of adaptive algorithms; and present a set of illustrative applications. The survey covers the different facets of concept drift in an integrated way to reflect on the existing scattered state of the art. Thus, it aims at providing a comprehensive introduction to the concept drift adaptation for researchers, industry analysts, and practitioners.

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Abstract
Portuguese higher education national access system, allows every year, thousands of students to enter higher education degrees. These students are allocated according to their classifications and their application including preferences to the institution-course pairs. Despite official statistics provided by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (MCTES) it is not always possible for course directors to get sufficient relevant indicators for good decision making in relation to the offering of their courses and respective dissemination strategy. This study evaluated the factors that directors consider that will influence students in their choice of a pair establishment-course as well as understand the different variables that are related to the same influence attribution. It was based on a survey on course directors and its content analysis. The results enable us to conclude that the directors are particularly interested by A3ES accreditations and internal competition, from courses in the department itself, college or institution of higher education. However, many of the directors don't show great concern to identify and defend themselves from external competitors, although that, however, is essential to ensure having a course that attracts high quality students.

Abstract
Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) developers aim to narrow the gap between the level of abstraction used by domain users and the one provided by the DSL, in order to help taming the increased complexity of computer systems and real-world problems. The quality in use of a DSL is essential for its successful adoption. We illustrate how a usability evaluation process can be weaved into the development process of a concrete DSL - FlowSL - used for specifying humanitarian campaign processes lead by an international Non-Governmental Organization. FlowSL is being developed following an agile process using Model-Driven Development (MDD) tools, to cope with vague and poorly understood requirements in the beginning of the development process.

Abstract
Product differentiation and the ability to compete in today’s demanding markets are biggest drivers of innovation. Innovation can be seen as new knowledge incorporated into products and services and in the process of new knowledge creation, organizations may not be autonomous. To overcome this issue, organizations opened their innovation processes aiming to acquire external knowledge by collaborating with several socio-economic agents (clients, partners, suppliers, universities, etc.). Several strategies and Web 2.0 based software tools were developed or adopted, aiming to include these agents in the initial stage of the innovation process. However, these tools may not be very effective in knowledge systematization – a mandatory requirement to facilitate knowledge transfer and internalization. This paper presents a method for the systematization of knowledge co-created in the process of new concepts development, in the context of user innovation. The method builds on extended conceptual maps collaboratively created and structured following the standard XTM.

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