Abstract
Accessibility has become increasingly important in information technology, particularly due to legislation pressure to make affordable public services to all. Being end-users and software companies those who have direct contact with accessibility problems, other stakeholders are committed to defining methods and change mentalities in Web accessibility implementation. In addition to a conceptual definition, this chapter presents entities views with responsibilities in the area, taking into account their work done in the past and the prospects for future. The understanding of the interaction between all these perspectives will help to realize the way it will go, which carries with it great challenges and opportunities, widely explored in this work.

Abstract
Information is a crucial asset to successful internationalization, as it allows to reduce risks and uncertainty and to facilitate international expansion. Information about foreign markets and activities can be obtained by companies from internal or external sources, and in formal or informal ways. Industrial business associations (IBAs) are one of the external information sources. Due to their resource constraints, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) tend to highly depend on the services and information of IBAs to expand their business overseas. However, to improve their role in supporting SME internationalization, one important development is for IBAs to evolve towards more collaborative networks, by sharing more organized and valued information with their associates, but also by fostering information flows and more collaborations between them. This paper contributes to this view by synthetizing current data and information sources to support SME internationalization, based on a literature review, on interviews with Portuguese IBAs, and on expert opinion. An innovative aspect is to present a first instantiation of a socio-semantic model, opening paths for further developments in this area, and contributing to the community of Collaborative Networks.

Abstract
We present the first optical observation of the microquasar SS 433 at sub-milliarcsecond (mas) scale obtained with the GRAVITY instrument on the Very Large Telescope interferometer (VLTI). The 3.5-h exposure reveals a rich K-band spectrum dominated by hydrogen Br gamma and He i lines, as well as (red-shifted) emission lines coming from the jets. The K-band-continuum-emitting region is dominated by a marginally resolved point source (<1 mas) embedded inside a diffuse background accounting for 10% of the total flux. The jet line positions agree well with the ones expected from the jet kinematic model, an interpretation also supported by the consistent sign (i.e., negative/positive for the receding/approaching jet component) of the phase shifts observed in the lines. The significant visibility drop across the jet lines, together with the small and nearly identical phases for all baselines, point toward a jet that is off set by less than 0.5 mas from the continuum source and resolved in the direction of propagation, with a typical size of 2 mas. The jet position angle of similar to 80 degrees is consistent with the expected one at the observation date. Jet emission so close to the central binary system would suggest that line locking, if relevant to explain the amplitude and stability of the 0.26c jet velocity, operates on elements heavier than hydrogen. The Br gamma profile is broad and double peaked. It is better resolved than the continuum and the change of the phase signal sign across the line on all baselines suggests an East-West-oriented geometry similar to the jet direction and supporting a (polar) disk wind origin.

Abstract
Urban metabolism accounts of total annual energy, water, and other resource flows are increasingly available for a variety of world cities. For local decision makers, however, it may be important to understand the variations of resource consumption within the city. Given the difficulty of gathering suburban resource consumption data for many cities, this article investigates the potential of statistical downscaling methods to estimate local resource consumption using socioeconomic or other data sources. We evaluate six classes of downscaling methods: ratio-based normalization; linear regression (both internally and externally calibrated); linear regression with spatial autocorrelation; multilevel linear regression; and a basic Bayesian analysis. The methods were applied to domestic energy consumption in London, UK, and our results show that it is possible to downscale aggregate resource consumption to smaller geographies with an average absolute prediction error of around 20%; however, performance varies widely by method, geography size, and fuel type. We also show how mapping these results can quickly identify districts with noteworthy resource consumption profiles. Further work should explore the design of local data collection strategies to enhance these methods and apply the techniques to other urban resources such as water or waste.

Abstract
Sidescan sonars have seen wide deployment in underwater imaging. They can be used to image the seabed to a rather acceptable resolution from a few centimeters to 10 centimeters. Yet, sonar images are still of a substantially lower visual quality as they suffer from quite a few problems, e.g., acoustic shadows that vary according to vehicle heading and sonar grazing angle, speckle noise, geometric deformation due to ping variation and speed of vehicle carrying the sonar, etc. Landmark detection in sidescan sonar images is vital to find objects and locations of interest that are useful in various underwater operations. The objective of this work is proposing novel landmark detection methods for this class of images. Cubic smoothing spline fitted to the across-track signals is proposed as a method to detect the objects and their shadows. To cover a large area, experimental data has been acquired during missions performed in Melenara Bay (Las Palmas/Spain) using autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) equipped with Klein 3500 sidescan sonar. The AUVs have been deployed in two missions (one mission performed each day) and a total of 25 large-resolution images have been acquired. The AUV generated 12 parallel path images in the first mission and 13 parallel path images in the second mission with an angle of 70 degrees between the direction of mission #1 and mission #2. This difference in the directions of the two missions was necessary to ensure different acoustic shadows between the two sets of images, each set being generated from a different mission. Results show that the proposed methods are powerful in detecting landmarks from these challenging images.

Abstract
Demands for underwater communication systems are increasing due to the ongoing expansion of human activities in underwater environments such as environmental monitoring, underwater exploration, offshore oil field exploration and monitoring, port security, and tactical surveillance. As such, there is a serious requirement to improve the performance of underwater communication systems in order to effectively use the equipment and the resources. The high cost, lack of flexibility, and operational disadvantages of wireline (particularly optical fiber) systems to provide real-time communication in underwater applications become restrictive for many cases. This triggers the growing demand for underwater wireless links. Acoustic communications suffer from a very small available bandwidth, very low celerity, and large latencies due to the low propagation speed. Underwater wireless optical communications (UWOC) which are able to achieve data rates of hundreds of Mbps (even up to Gbps) for short ranges, typically several tens of meters, appear as an attractive alternative or complementary solution to long-range acoustic communications. In fact, water is relatively transparent to light in the visible band of the spectrum and absorption takes its minimum value in the blue-green spectral range (450 nm-550 nm) [1,2]. Thanks to the ability of providing unprecedentedly high-rate data transmission, the UWOC technology enables the establishment of high-speed and reliable links for underwater missions employing robotics or autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), for instance. In addition, it is highly energy efficient, compared to the traditional technique of acoustic communication, and also has much less impact on marine animal life (see Figure 11.1) [3,4]. In particular, it is harmless to the cetaceans and coral. © 2017 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.