Abstract
Assistive systems which incorporate different technologies to provide simple and quick, yet informative, content, have recently been proposed to alleviate the mobility and accessibility constrains of users with visual impairment. Currently, technology has reached a maturation point that allows the development of systems based on video capturing, image recognition and geo-location referencing, which are key for providing features of artificial vision, assisted navigation and spatial perception. The miniaturization of electronics can be used to create devices, such as electronic canes equipped with sensors, that can provide contextual information to a blind user. In this paper, we describe the current work on assistive systems for the blind and propose a new perspective on using the base information of those systems to provide new services to the general public. By bridging the gap between the two groups, we expect to further advance the development of the current systems and contribute to their economic sustainability.

Abstract
Visual coherence between virtual and real objects is a major issue in creating convincing augmented reality (AR) applications. To achieve this seamless integration, actual light conditions must be determined in real time to ensure that virtual objects are correctly illuminated and cast consistent shadows. In this paper, we propose a novel method to estimate daylight illumination and use this information in outdoor AR applications to render virtual objects with coherent shadows. The illumination parameters are acquired in real time from context-aware live sensor data. The method works under unprepared natural conditions. We also present a novel and rapid implementation of a state-of-the-art skylight model, from which the illumination parameters are derived. The Sun's position is calculated based on the user location and time of day, with the relative rotational differences estimated from a gyroscope, compass and accelerometer. The results illustrated that our method can generate visually credible AR scenes with consistent shadows rendered from recovered illumination.

Abstract
Smart governance is one of the characteristics of smart cities, having its roots in e-government, in the principles of good governance, and in the assumptions of citizens’ participation and involvement in public decision-making. This chapter aims to answer the question: “What smart governance practices are being implemented in smart cities” through an extensive literature review in the areas of e-government, good governance, smart cities and smart governance, and content analysis of the websites of seven smart cities: Amsterdam, Barcelona, Copenhagen, Lisbon, Manchester, Singapore, and Stockholm. The objective was to identify the presence of factors related with e-participation; e-services; and public administration functioning on the cities’ websites. The chapter ends with directions for future research and the conclusion that all the smart cities analyzed presented some factors related with smart governance, but with different levels of development and application. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

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Abstract
Misinformation became pervasive on social media applications. The companies behind this kind of system have launched tools to avoid the problem, but some issues regarding the user behavior and proper software quality still need a forceful approach. First attempts to mitigate misinformation did not take into account user behavior and softwares requirements like learnability and accuracy, furthermore the characteristics of actors and artifacts from social media applications ecosystem has not been explored. This research aims to evaluate the usability of available tools made to combat the spread of misinformation and to verify the interrelationship between actors and artifacts from social media applications ecosystem for suggesting improvements on development of these tools.

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