Abstract
Electrical systems are constantly transforming to achieve global decarbonization and address the climate emergency. This process involves a substantial modernization of the distribution network that includes the integration of distributed energy resources, particularly those using inverter interfaces. Given the inevitability of faults, it is crucial to strengthen the infrastructure of protection systems so they can handle the new challenges imposed by this evolution. This article explores the challenges associated with protecting active distribution networks, caused by the incorporation of technologies such as rotary machines and power electronic converters. Special attention is given to critical issues such as changes in short-circuit currents, the bidirectional flow of currents, and the response times of protection relays. Current practical solutions are examined, and their limitations identified, highlighting the urgent need to develop more sophisticated and tailored protection schemes for the particularities of these networks. Additionally, the fault detection process is described in detail, breaking down the stages of parameter acquisition, signal processing, and fault classification, based on recent research. Finally, future trends in protection schemes are discussed, emphasizing the importance of continuously adapting and optimizing protection strategies in response to the dynamic evolution of electrical networks.

Abstract
Demand-Driven Material Requirements Planning (DDMRP) has been proposed as a solution for managing uncertainty and variability in supply chains by combining decoupling, buffer management and demand-driven planning principles. A key element of DDMRP is its inventory replenishment model, which relies on dynamically adjusted inventory buffers rather than fixed stock levels. However, parameterization of these buffers often involves subjective choices, raising concerns about consistency and performance. This paper assesses the DDMRP replenishment model through discrete-event simulation of a multi-echelon, capacity-constrained production system. Two alternative formulations of the safety stock term in the red zone are compared: the original factor-based approach and a revised formula that incorporates measurable variability coefficients. While both safety stock formulations yield similar numerical results, the revised formula enhances transparency and reduces subjectivity. Assessing the impact of introducing a buffer for components in addition to a finished goods buffer further shows that the components buffer can reduce finished goods inventory requirements while maintaining service levels. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the DDMRP replenishment model, offering practical insights for parameter selection and supply chain design.

Abstract
Virtual Reality (VR) can be an excellent platform for collaborative work. However, standing in VR and gesturing in midair can be physically exhausting. We introduce RepliCo, a collaborative DeskVR approach focused on communication in the context of 3D content reviewing. Using an interactive surface and the world-in-miniature metaphor, it addresses common challenges in virtual collaboration, such as spatially referencing points of interest and user awareness. We conducted a user evaluation with 20 participants to assess the viability of our approach in both a large and a small environment. Results revealed that RepliCo efficiently allowed users to share points of interest in a user-friendly and physically undemanding manner. Although the larger model was identified as requiring more effort, there were few significant differences in task completion times, highlighting RepliCo's versatility.

Abstract
Virtual Reality (VR) is a powerful tool for industrial training due to its capacity to simulate realistic, risk-free environments. However, creating VR training scenarios often requires significant technical expertise and large investments, limiting the technology's adoption. This paper presents a VR training platform that empowers trainers to author, test, and deliver immersive training procedures directly within a VR environment without writing code. It also gives trainees a place to practice and learn without consequences. A key feature is the integration of Virtual Choreographies, enabling trainers to define ordered procedures, record trainee attempts, more easily understand their actions, and automatically assess performance. A user study was conducted to evaluate usability, workflow clarity, and feature effectiveness. Results indicate strong usability and comprehension for non-expert users, and confirm the potential of Virtual Choreographies to guide and evaluate procedural training. The platform represents a step toward creating accessible, customizable VR training for industrial and educational settings.

Abstract
E-commerce popularity has increased the challenges of parcel deliveries, highlighting the urgency in addressing the sustainability of the last-mile, which is considered the most ineffective part of the supply chain and a source of environmental and social issues. Although different alternative last-mile technologies have already been proposed, they all imply complex trade-offs. This study explores how synergies between delivery technologies could improve last-mile logistics. It evaluates the trade-offs between electric vans, cargo bikes, and parcel lockers, and takes into account factors such as package size, consumer requirement, and urban context. The adoption of a combined delivery strategy suggests environmental and social benefits like the mitigation of congestion and emissions while ensuring advantages for companies due to streamlined operations and offering consumers a broader range of choices.

Abstract
The advent of new technologies has led to significant changes in the field of marketing, demanding a rethinking of existing knowledge and skills. This research proposes a set of transversal curricula in digital marketing. The methodology employed included an exploratory analysis of digital marketing courses offered at universities and major online platforms, focus groups, and interviews, conducted in four countries. The countries included in the study were Finland, Poland, the Netherlands, and Portugal. The findings indicated that an introductory course and specialization blocks would be beneficial. Social media, analytics, digital advertising, search engine optimization (SEO), digital marketing strategies, web content, e-mail marketing, customer experience, landing pages, user experience, leads, conversion rate optimization, and E-commerce were identified as the key subjects of study for the introductory course in digital marketing.