Abstract
Saliency maps have been used as one possibility to interpret deep neural networks. This method estimates the relevance of each pixel in the image classification, with higher values representing pixels which contribute positively to classification.The goal of this study is to understand how the complexity of the network affects the interpretabilty of the saliency maps in classification tasks. To achieve that, we investigate how changes in the regularization affects the saliency maps produced, and their fidelity to the overall classification process of the network.The experimental setup consists in the calculation of the fidelity of five saliency map methods that were compare, applying them to models trained on the CIFAR-10 dataset, using different levels of weight decay on some or all the layers.Achieved results show that models with lower regularization are statistically (significance of 5%) more interpretable than the other models. Also, regularization applied only to the higher convolutional layers or fully-connected layers produce saliency maps with more fidelity. © 2020 IEEE.

Abstract
Abstract Background: Analysis of locomotion is often used as a measure for impairment and recovery following experimental peripheral nerve injury. Compared to rodents, sheep offer several attractive features as an experimental model for studying peripheral nerve regeneration. There are no studies on locomotion outcomes after peripheral nerve injury and repair in the sheep model. In the present study, we performed and compared two-dimensional (2D) and, for the first time, three-dimensional (3D) hindlimb kinematics during obstacle avoidance in the ovine model. This study aimed to obtain kinematic data to serve as a template for an objective assessment of the ankle joint motion in future studies of common peroneal nerve (CP) injury and repair in the ovine model. Results: The strategy used by the sheep to bring the hindlimb over a moderately high obstacle, set to 10% of its hindlimb length, was the pronounced knee, ankle and metatarsophalangeal flexion when approaching and clearing the obstacle. Despite the overall time course kinematic patterns about the hip, knee, ankle, and metatarsophalangeal were identical, we found significant differences between values of the 2D and 3D joint angular motion. Conclusions: Our results show that the most apparent changes that occurred during the gait cycle were for the ankle and metatarsophalangeal joints, whereas the hip and knee joints were much less affected. Data and techniques described here are likely to be useful for an objective assessment of altered gait after CP injury and repair in an ovine model.

Abstract
Residential consumers have been adopting distributed energy resources (DER) like photovoltaics (PV), electric vehicles (EV) as well as electric heating, ventilation and air conditioning devices (HVAC) in recent years - thus substantially reshaping power systems. This study is dedicated to the analysis of such adopters in continental Portugal, using both spatial analysis tools and census data with information theoretic criteria. Results suggest that the current uptake of EV, PV, and HVAC is characterised by spatially auto-correlated adoption patterns. The analysis of census variables, on the other hand, reveals that Portuguese EV, PV, and HVAC adopters exhibit a few surprising, unrecorded characteristics compared with previous studies. Comparing different dataset resolutions, EV and HVAC adopters are found to be most similar across all three aggregation levels considered. Results further show that fewer adopter groups tend to own both EV-HVAC and PV-HVAC, reducing per se synergy potentials that may arise behind the metre. One of the main outcomes from this work is that studies describing energy technology adopters using census variables might receive very unstable results across different data aggregation levels. This may lead to adverse effects on studies' conclusiveness and energy policy design choices.

Abstract
The advances achieved during the last 30 years demonstrate the aptitude of the remote sensing-based vegetation indices (VI) for the assessment of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and irrigation requirements in a simple, robust and operative manner. The foundation of these methodologies is the well-established relationship between the VIs and the basal crop coefficient (K-cb), resulting from the ability of VIs to measure the radiation absorbed by the vegetation, as the main driver of the evapotranspiration process. In addition, VIs have been related with single crop coefficient (K-c), assuming constant rates of soil evaporation. The direct relationship between VIs and ET is conceptually incorrect due to the effect of the atmospheric demand on this relationship. The rising number of Earth Observation Satellites potentiates a data increase to feed the VI-based methodologies for estimating and mapping either the K-c or K-cb, with improved temporal coverage and spatial resolution. The development of operative platforms, including satellite constellations like Sentinels and drones, usable for the assessment of K-cb through VIs, opens new possibilities and challenges. This work analyzes some of the questions that remain inconclusive at scientific and operational level, including: (i) the diversity of the K-cb-VI relationships defined for different crops, (ii) the integration of K-cb-VI relationships in more complex models such as soil water balance, and (iii) the operational application of K-cb-VI relationships using virtual constellations of space and aerial platforms that allow combining data from two or more sensors.

Abstract
Chord progressions are core elements of Western tonal harmony regulated by multiple theoretical and perceptual principles. Ideally, objective measures to evaluate chord progressions should reflect their tonal fitness. In this work, we propose an objective measure of the fitness of a chord progression within the Western tonal context computed in the Tonal Interval Space, where distances capture tonal music principles. The measure considers four parameters, namely tonal pitch distance, consonance, hierarchical tension and voice leading between the chords in the progression. We performed a listening test to perceptually assess the proposed tonal fitness measure across different chord progressions, and compared the results with existing related models. The perceptual rating results show that our objective measure improves the estimation of a chord progression’s tonal fitness in comparison with existing models.

Abstract
Two increasingly popular distributed energy resources (DERs), especially within the European context, are photovoltaic (PV) installations and electric vehicles (EVs). Numerous models have been proposed for optimal management thereof, such as Home Energy Management Systems (HEMSs) and EV parking lot management systems (EVPLMS). However, these approaches are often designed to benefit only one party without taking into account the effect of any other management systems. I.e., HEMSs are designed to only maximize the economic benefit of home owners, while EVPLMSs are designed to only maximize the profit of parking lot owners. In this study, the coordinated use of these systems is modeled and simulated to investigate whether a synergistic relationship exists in which consumers (EV owners) have an added economic benefit by the simultaneous operation of HEMSs and EVPLMSs. As such, a cost-benefit analysis is conducted from the point of view of the EV owners, utilizing a HEMS at home and an EVPLMS at work. The analysis was performed on case studies that are based on real facilities, locations, meteorological data, and electricity market prices in Porto, Portugal.