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Publications

Publications by Paulo Robalinho

2022

WiPTherm: A novel energy harvesting paradigm for CubeSats

Authors
Navarro Medina, F; Aguado Agelet, F; Garcia Luis, U; Ulloa, C; Orgeira Crespo, P; Camanzo Mariño, A; Dragos Darau, V; Maia, MM; Gomez San Juan, A; Furtado, C; Machado, V; Califórnia, A; Bogas, S; Ferreira, C; Silva, J; Sousa, L; Machado, J; Roy, P; Auguste, J; Jamier, R; Leconte, B; Frazão, O; Robalinho, P; Pires, AL; Roacha, M; Comesaña, R; Pereira, AM;

Publication
Proceedings of the International Astronautical Congress, IAC

Abstract
Given the fact that CubeSats are becoming an alternative for accessible, reduced-risk development for space applications within an emergent technological market and that the power demand of these type of nanosatellites is increasing due to the complexity of the defined missions, an alternative solution to traditional energy harvesting systems (i.e., solar panels and batteries) is proposed within the WiPTherm project. Being a high-risk category (FET-Future and Emerging Technologies) project within the H2020 European funding scheme, it aims to provide a Wireless Energy Transfer solution via a photo-thermoelectric plasmonic (HPTP) generator array device that can convert photonic energy to electrical energy via thermal gradient. In order to create it, a long-range, continuous-wave (CW) laser source targets the cells of the HPTP generator, forming, as such, the photo-thermoelectric plasmonic system. Two possible scenarios were taken into account and presented in terms of mission requirements: the laser source charging the satellite from Earth, or a laser system mounted onto a master satellite charging a CubeSat orbiting Mars/Jupiter, within the context of a deep space mission. The development of such Wireless Energy Transfer (WET) system implies an improvement of the current technology in different research fields, among them: nanomaterials, photonics, electronics, and space systems. For the success of the project, all of them shall be developed considering the different interfaces as well as the assembly principles, to be compatible with the support structure: a 3U CubeSat. From the Assembly, Integration and Verification (AIV) plan point of view, a testing philosophy involving different models is presented: an STM of the complete 3U CubeSat for the development of higher-fidelity tests when evaluating both structural and thermal HPTP baseplate capabilities; an Engineering Model, where all the subsystems will be assembled on the CubeSat platform and all its functionalities tested; development models for all spacecraft subsystems that are new developments and are not off the shelf: HPTP, the CubeSat electrical module and the laser generator. As a conclusion, this work presents the concept beyond the technology herein purposed, its applicability, and, from the systems engineering point of view, the challenges faced on the AIV plan. © 2022 International Astronautical Federation, IAF. All rights reserved.

2023

White Light Interferometry: Absolute and High Precision Measurement for Long-Cavity Fibre Fabry-Perot Sensors

Authors
Robalinho, P; Rodrigues, A; Novais, S; Ribeiro, ABL; Silva, S; Frazão, O;

Publication
EPJ Web of Conferences

Abstract
White Light Interferometry, known for its absolute measurement capability and high precision, had its greatest scientific impact towards the end of the 20th century. In this work, it was assembled and characterized a fibre Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) as an interrogator and a fibre Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) as a displacement sensor. A measurement bandwidth between 65 µm and 95 µm was obtained for FPI cavities close to 2.35 mm, at sampling frequencies between 600 Hz and 1500 Hz. Additionally, a resonant frequency at 550 Hz was achieved, allowing for an interrogation band higher than 135 µm. It was also determined a minimum absolute resolution of ± 66 nm, corresponding to a relative resolution of ± 9.4×10-4 in relation to the total band.

2023

How to Use Fiber Optic Sensors for Accurate Absolute Measurements - INVITED

Authors
Frazão, O; Robalinho, P; Vaz, A; Soares, L; Soares, B; Monteiro, C; Novais, S; Silva, S;

Publication
EPJ Web of Conferences

Abstract
The scientific community has been exploring new concepts as a result of the usage of optical fibers as absolute measurement sensors. While cross-sensitivity is a common issue with optical fiber sensors, this issue has been mitigated by simultaneous measurement techniques. But when it comes to absolute measurements, these methods have some limitations. The white light interferometer, which offers a superb solution for a range of applications, especially for absolute temperature measurement, is one of the most often used methods for absolute measurements.

2023

A Photo-Thermoelectric Twist to Wireless Energy Transfer: Radial Flexible Thermoelectric Device Powered by a High-Power Laser Beam

Authors
Maia, M; Pires, AL; Rocha, M; Ferreira Teixeira, S; Robalinho, P; Frazao, O; Furtado, C; Califórnia, A; Machado, V; Bogas, S; Ferreira, C; Machado, J; Sousa, L; Luis, UG; San Juan, AMG; Crespo, PO; Medina, FN; Sande, CU; Marino, AC; González, GR; Pereira, AT; Agelet, FA; Jamier, R; Roy, P; Leconte, B; Auguste, JL; Pereira, AM;

Publication
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES

Abstract
Systems for wireless energy transmission (WET) are gaining prominence nowadays. This work presents a WET system based on the photo-thermoelectric effect. With an incident laser beam at lambda = 1450 nm, a temperature gradient is generated in the radial flexible thermoelectric (TE) device, with a carbon-based light collector in its center to enhance the photoheating. The three-part prototype presents a unique approach by using a radial TE device with one simple manufacturing process - screen-printing. A TE ink with a polymeric matrix of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate and doped-Poly(vinyl alcohol) with Sb-Bi-Te microparticles is developed (S similar to 33 mu VK-1 and s similar to 10.31 Sm-1), presenting mechanical and electrical stability. Regarding the device, a full electrical analysis is performed, and the influence of the light collector is investigated using thermal tests, spectrophotometry, and numerical simulations. A maximum output voltage (Vout) of similar to 16 mV and maximum power density of similar to 25 mu Wm(-2) are achieved with Plaser = 2 W. Moreover, the device's viability under extreme conditions is explored. At T similar to 180 K, a 25% increase in Vout compared to room-temperature conditions is achieved, and at low pressures (similar to 10(-6) Torr), an increase of 230% is obtained. Overall, this prototype allows the supply of energy at long distances and remote places, especially for space exploration.

2023

Fiber Loop Mirror Based on Optical Fiber Circulator for Sensing Applications

Authors
Robalinho, P; Soares, B; Lobo, A; Silva, S; Frazao, O;

Publication
SENSORS

Abstract
In this paper, a different Fiber Loop Mirror (FLM) configuration with two circulators is presented. This configuration is demonstrated and characterized for sensing applications. This new design concept was used for strain and torsion discrimination. For strain measurement, the interference fringe displacement has a sensitivity of (0.576 +/- 0.009) pm.mu epsilon(-1). When the FFT (Fast Fourier Transformer) is calculated and the frequency shift and signal amplitude are monitored, the sensitivities are (-2.1 +/- 0.3) x 10(-4) nm(-1) mu epsilon(-1) and (4.9 +/- 0.3) x 10(-7) mu epsilon(-1), respectively. For the characterization in torsion, an FFT peaks variation of (-2.177 +/- 0.002) x 10(-12) nm(-1)/degrees and an amplitude variation of (1.02 +/- 0.06) x 10(-3)/degrees are achieved. This configuration allows the use of a wide range of fiber lengths and with different refractive indices for controlling the free spectral range (FSR) and achieving refractive index differences, i.e., birefringence, higher than 10(-2), which is essential for the development of high sensitivity physical parameter sensors, such as operating on the Vernier effect. Furthermore, this FLM configuration allows the system to be balanced, which is not possible with traditional FLMs.

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