Abstract

Abstract
Companies are putting more emphasis on the customer experience, associating services with their physical products with the help of emerging technologies. At the same time, several actors participating in research and innovation projects, such as universities, research institutes, and service providers, are involved in the value co-creation process. Thus, this study describes how digitalisation and servitisation in the context of participation in research and innovation projects contributed to innovation in industrial companies’ business model (BM). Qualitative exploratory research took place, collecting data through interviews with twelve key actors in industrial companies. The interviewees were professionals in management and R&D areas and founders from nine European countries who participated in six research and innovation European projects. The exchange of knowledge and experiences between the different actors of the innovation ecosystem influences this. From a practical point of view, research provides managers of industrial companies with the best practices and describes the main changes observed in the BM Canvas. This study also contributes to categorising companies in terms of their service maturity by associating factors other than servitisation, such as digitalisation and the actors of the research and innovation projects. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

Abstract
The circular economy is increasingly being considered as a potential model to replace the prevailing end-of-life approach by establishing a closed-loop flow. The importance of different supply chain (SC) actors in this process has been recognized as a critical aspect of the development of sustainable production-consumption models. Consumers play a crucial role in this context, as they have a dual function: ensuring the correct disposal of used products; and consuming products from circular sources. However, the different roles consumers play (refuse, rethink, reduce, reuse, repair, refurbish, remanufacture, repurpose, recycle, recover) in circular SCs are still unclear. Through a systematic literature review, this paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the influence of consumers on the adoption of circular supply chain (CSC) practices and to identify the main drivers and barriers regarding the adoption of circular practices. The results demonstrate that the topic is recent and has gained ground in the literature. An in-depth qualitative analysis was carried out with the 74 papers identified and shows that the most commonly addressed R-strategies are reuse, recycle and repair. The main motivations and challenges towards a greater adoption of circular practices are related to (or lack of) environmental beliefs and financial benefits.