Abstract
This scoping review systematizes the current research related to the use of both blockchain and machine learning techniques in medical imaging applications. A systematic electronic search was performed, and twenty-five studies were included in the review. These studies aimed to use blockchain and machine learning techniques to provide (i) efficient security mechanisms to support the communication of medical imaging data, (ii) aggregation of distributed medical imaging data to train machine learning algorithms, and (iii) machine learning algorithms based on federated learning strategies. Among the ten machine learning techniques identified in the included studies, Convolutional Neural Network was the most representative (i.e., 44% of the studies). Moreover, Artificial Neural Network, Capsule Network, Deep Neural Network, Gated Recurrent Units, and Neural Network were machine learning techniques used by more than one study. Although the included studies developed algorithms with potential impact in clinical practice, it must be noted that they did not discuss the generalizability of their algorithms in real-world clinical conditions.

Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the typical process of the practical part of software development courses at universities and to evaluate whether the current process meets the expectations of students or whether the needs of students would be better met by the benefits of automated code feedback. A semiautomated survey was conducted in German, involving bachelor students from different universities who had attended an introductory programming class within the last 6 semesters. The results clearly show that the students would like to have individual assignments instead of the due to time constraints, usual group exercises as they see more advantages for their learning progress. The use of automated code feedback could not only solve this time problem but would also bring other benefits.

Abstract
Embodied Communication Agents are being used to support older adults but there is still a lack of knowledge about their impact. Therefore, this paper presents a scoping review of the literature on user centred evaluation of the impact of Embodied Communication Agents when embedded in digital solutions to support older adults. The ten studies that were included in this scoping review reported on the implementation of digital solutions to promote physical activity, minimize loneliness, provide spiritual comfort, facilitate problem solving and knowledge acquisition, and support the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. In terms of impact assessment, different outcomes were considered, and the included studies reported significant impact in terms of steps walked and acknowledge acquisition, a trend in the reduction of loneliness, and good sensitivity and specificity to diagnose neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract
The scoping review reported by this article aimed to identify (i) the purposes of the studies using crowdsourcing technologies in the context of the smart cities’ implementations, (ii) the characteristics of the crowdsourcing technologies being used, and (iii) the maturity level of the solutions being proposed. An electronic search was conducted, and 29 studies were included in the review after the selection process. The results show a current interest in crowdsourcing campaigns using participatory reporting and participatory sensing to (i) support urban infrastructures’ maintenance, (ii) facilitate urban mobility, (iii) monitor the environment, (iv) manage crowds, (v) aggregate geographical information, and (vi) collect citizens’ perspectives about the cities. However, the results also show low maturity level of the proposed solutions and lack of consolidated evidence about their effectiveness, which difficulties their dissemination.

Abstract
Due to the degradation of the earth during the past years, we are assisting to the increase of the number and intensity of natural catastrophes, with growing material and human losses. There's a recognized need to either improve or establish new Early Warning Systems. In fact, it isn't yet well known a normalized proceeding to organize the gathering and treatment of data, for a posterior analyses and emission of alerts, nor the acceptance of a architecture, either in terms of data or system, that allow the integration with other similar systems, in order to do a consistent analysis over larger territories. This paper aims to contribute to a proposal of an architecture to organize the needed resources of a Catastrophes Early Warning System. © 2009 IADIS.

Abstract
There is a need to overcome problems resulting from disconnected and fragmented healthcare and social assistance services when it comes to provide integrated care services for the elderly. The concept of integrated care services requires healthcare information services, such as Electronic Health Record, to be up and running not only in hospitals and other healthcare units, but also in social assistance institutions since they take on an important role in providing care for the elderly. This paper proposes a reference model that identifies the processes, procedures and concepts inherent to the functioning of social assistance institutions. This model coupled with an implementation architecture whose flexibility and modularity allows for the gradual development of applications and components reuse. This makes possible to introduce and adapt information services through the involvement of the care providers in a sector that traditionally has had difficulties to incorporate Information and Communication Technology. © 2010 IEEE.