Abstract
The concept of Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) has been around for more than 40 years and is a promising mobility alternative when traditional public transport proves inadequate in terms of its effectiveness or efficiency, as is the case of low-density areas. DRT systems have a wide range of operational configurations, being highly adaptable to different contexts and environments. Therefore, the design of a DRT mobility solution can become a quite complex and challenging problem. To assist in the design of DRTs, this paper aims to present a comprehensive classification of DRT features and to identify some common design choices in different operational scenarios. The proposed classification is based on a review of reports from available literature and previous European DRT projects. In addition, an analysis of the most usual configurations for different purposes and scenarios is presented. In this research, the operational, demand, and administrative characteristics of DRTs are addressed. Demand aspects encompass features that directly influence trip demand, such as service areas, target passengers, and hours of operation. Operational features include characteristics that will affect daily operations as the type of stops, frequency of the operation, booking methodology, vehicle route, pick-up and drop-off locations, and the vehicle type used. Administrative characteristics address the relationship between consumers and the system, such as the purpose of the system, fares, visual identification of stops, and booking methods. Regarding the usual design choices, our survey shows that rural DRTs are primarily oriented to serve populations in need in low-density areas and to complement existing PT gaps, while urban DRTs are mainly viewed as a mobility alternative to fill existing PT gaps. Defining design patterns for peri-urban and multi-area DRTs presents challenges due to their transitional nature, thus combining attributes of both rural and urban systems.

Abstract
This study estimates alighting stops and transfers from entry-only Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) data. The methodology adopted includes two main steps: an implementation of the Trip Chaining Method (TCM) to estimate the alighting stops from AFC records and the subsequent application of criteria for the identification of transfers. For each pair of consecutive AFC records on the same smart card, a transfer is identified considering a threshold for the walking distance, a threshold for the time required to perform an activity, and the validation of different boarding routes. This methodology was applied to the case study of Porto, Portugal, considering all trips performed by a set of 19999 smart cards over one year. The results of this methodology allied with visualization techniques allowed to study Origin-Destination (OD) patterns by type of day, seasonally, and by user frequency, each analyzed at the stop level and at the geographic area level.

Abstract
This review is an analysis of the literature on public transport and mobile ticketing systems and their gamification. The review is divided into three main topics: (i) Behavioral Change in relation to Public Transport, (ii) Gamification, and (iii) Gamification in Public Transport and Mobile Ticketing. This study shows the diversity of the theme of gamification applied to the transport sector and demonstrates its potential to attract and retain more customers for more sustainable means of transport.

Abstract
The aim of this work is to determine, based on a market research, the level of passenger satisfaction with public transport services, in order to support better marketing decisions. This survey involves dimensions such as the level of satisfaction with timetables and frequency, vehicle conditions, driver attitudes and behavior, fares and information made available to passengers. The study was applied to the case of public transport in the Porto Metropolitan Area, Portugal, and aims to help define recommendations to improve the quality of service and define more effective marketing strategies.

Abstract
This article presents a framework to assist in the design of technology-based interactive services for active mobility, which allows the data collected from the sensors to be made available to citizens. The proposed framework was developed based on data collected in focus group sessions held with potential stakeholders and on related models and frameworks. It consists of 8 steps, namely: strategy, scope, structure, skeleton, aesthetics and execution. It will enable the presentation of relevant information that will help users of active modes of transport in decision making in choosing a safe and comfortable route, assist professionals involved in the elaboration of interactive projects and promote more collaborative urban planning. © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)

Abstract
Sustainable mobility has become one of the most pressing issues in modern society. The need to raise awareness of climate change, combined with the overcrowding of metropolitan and urban areas, has produced a situation that requires an urgent solution. Some earlier approaches dealt primarily with transport-related issues, while some conceptual models attempted to increase the appeal of public transport by linking the services provided by public transport operators to a variety of city services. A practical and empirical answer, on the other hand, has not yet been given. This research addrebes these issues by taking a holistic approach and presenting a personalized recommendation system based on users' everyday activities as well as their mobility profiles. The crossing of both sources of information allows for a more user-centric experience, ensuring that the offers presented are adapted to the tastes of customers. The potential of such a system is proven using data from Porto, Portugal. Two types of data sources were used to obtain more accurate results: data from the automated fare collection system of the Porto Metropolitan Area, Portugal, and data from city services taken from Google Places. The fundamental idea behind tackling this problem is to encourage people to use public transport by providing them with incentives such as discounts, promotions and service offers to encourage them to use cleaner and more efficient modes of transport. © 2023 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)