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Publications

Publications by António Lucas Soares

2026

Generative AI as a Catalyst for Collaborative Knowledge Management: Impacts Across Individual, Intra, and Inter-organizational Levels

Authors
Silva, RR; Silva, HD; Soares, AL;

Publication
HYBRID HUMAN-AI COLLABORATIVE NETWORKS, PRO-VE 2025, PT II

Abstract
As organizations navigate through complex and collaborative digital environments, Generative AI (GenAI) emerges as a transformative force for Knowledge Management (KM) processes. This paper highlights how GenAI technologies impact collaborative KM processes across individual, intraorganizational, and inter-organizational levels within the evolving paradigm of Industry 5.0 (i5.0). Through a literature review, the study explores how GenAI augments human cognition, enhances knowledge creation and sharing, and fosters organizational adaptability and innovation. The findings highlight GenAI's potential as cognitive partner, streamlining information flows, and improving decision-making across collaborative networks. However, challenges such as over-reliance, ethical risks, and the decline of critical human skills are also discussed. Furthermore, the paper identifies the evolution and gaps in current literature on Collaborative Networks (CNs) regarding the integration of AI technologies. It contributes to the ongoing discussion towards a socio-technical transformation while also providing an overview for rethinking collaboration and social strategies in the GenAI era.

2026

A Human-Centric Agent Architecture for Hybrid Industrial Collaboration in Industry 5.0

Authors
Sousa, J; Oliveira, F; Carneiro, D; Soares, A; Silva, B;

Publication
HYBRID HUMAN-AI COLLABORATIVE NETWORKS, PRO-VE 2025, PT II

Abstract
The integration of AI into organizational settings leads to a growing need for hybrid human-AI collaborative approaches, necessary due to the increasing autonomy, impact and responsibility AI-based solutions have. Moreover, to ensure a sustainable integration into existing processes, such approaches must be context-aware, transparent, and human-centric. In line with the Industry 5.0 paradigm, this paper presents a novel Multi-Agent System architecture that enables meaningful collaboration between human and artificial agents through a socio-technical design approach. The proposed architecture is grounded in a structured, real-time context stream derived from organizational data sources, which semantically describe human actors, processes, and industrial resources. Central to this system is a set of four core LLM-based agents, each responsible for orchestrating hybrid human-AI tasks along distinct dimensions of timing, role selection, resource allocation, and execution sequencing. To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the architecture, we report on an early-stage validation conducted within a representative industrial use case in the automotive sector, focused on information retrieval. In this use case, the architecture was tasked with answering a set of representative, domain-specific questions by dynamically interacting with distributed industrial databases. Results demonstrate the architecture's ability to coordinate relevant human and artificial agents, retrieve semantically-relevant data, and present explainable outputs, showcasing its potential for supporting decision-making processes in hybrid collaborative networks.

2026

Collaborating with Algorithms: AI for Collaborative Supply Chain Management

Authors
Couto, F; Malta, MC; Soares, AL;

Publication
HYBRID HUMAN-AI COLLABORATIVE NETWORKS, PRO-VE 2025, PT I

Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration in supply chain systems is growing, and with it grows its potential impact on inter-organisational collaborative networks. We review existing literature on how different AI archetypes (Reflexive, Anticipatory, Supervisory, Prescriptive) could support Collaborative Supply Chain Management (CSCM) activities, and how they impact information sharing, collaborative decision-making, and trust among supply chain partners at different integration levels. Adopting a sociotechnical perspective, we synthesise existing literature and map the archetypes along four levels of AI integration, varying in scope and decision autonomy. The results are conceptual frameworks demonstrating how AI impacts collaboration dynamics as it evolves from a decision-support tool to an autonomous coordination agent. Findings show differentiated effects along archetypes and integration levels, with implications for CSCM governance, transparency, and resilience. We contribute to the discussion on human-AI collaboration in CSCM and offer a baseline for research on the human-centric values of Industry 5.0.

2026

Hybrid Human-AI Collaborative Networks

Authors
Camarinha-Matos, LM; Ortiz, A; Boucher, X; Lucas Soares, A;

Publication
IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology

Abstract

2026

Data Spaces as Enablers of Digital Twin Ecosystems: Challenges and Requirements

Authors
Chaves, AC; Alonso, AN; Soares, AL;

Publication
ADVANCES IN PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS. CYBER-PHYSICAL-HUMAN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS: HUMAN-AI COLLABORATION AND BEYOND, APMS 2025, PT V

Abstract
The increasing adoption of the Digital Twin concept and technology for managing complex physical assets has led to the emergence of Digital Twin Ecosystems, where interconnected digital twins generate additional value. However, ensuring seamless data sharing and interoperability among diverse systems presents significant challenges. Although research on digital twin architectures has advanced, gaps remain in addressing data governance, security, and stakeholders' trust. This study performs a comprehensive literature review to investigate architectural solutions to overcome challenges in digital twin ecosystems. The findings identify key requirements such as interoperability, governance, and data management, emphasizing the role of Data Spaces as enablers of secure data sharing. By structuring the requirements for digital twin ecosystem architectures, this paper identifies gaps suggesting future research on scalable and sustainable digital twin ecosystem implementations. These insights are expected to contribute to the development of frameworks that integrate technical advances with organizational and regulatory considerations, ultimately fostering the adoption of digital twin ecosystems across industries.

2026

Human-Centered Augmented Reality in Manufacturing: Enhancing Efficiency, Accuracy, and Operator Adoption

Authors
Ramalho, FR; Soares, AL; Simoes, AC; Almeida, AH; Oliveira, M;

Publication
ADVANCES IN PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS. CYBER-PHYSICAL-HUMAN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS: HUMAN-AI COLLABORATION AND BEYOND, APMS 2025, PT I

Abstract
This paper evaluates an Augmented Reality (AR) solution designed to support quality control in a assembly line inspection station before body marriage at a European automotive manufacturer. A threephase methodology was applied: an AS-IS assessment, a formative evaluation of an intermediate prototype, and a summative evaluation under real production conditions. The AR solution aimed to improve task standardization, non-value-added time (NVAT), and enhance operator accuracy. The results showed that operators successfully developed inspections using the AR tool, identifying and correcting non-conformities (NOKs) while maintaining task duration. Participants valued having contextual information directly in their field of vision and reported increased rigor and consistency. However, usability and ergonomic improvements were noted, such as headset weight, gesture interaction, and visibility over dark components. The findings highlight AR's potential to support operator autonomy and accuracy in industrial environments while emphasizing the need for human-centered design and integration to ensure long-term adoption.

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