Abstract
As software applications continue to become more complex and attractive to cyber-attackers, enhancing resilience against cyber threats becomes essential. Aiming to provide more robust solutions, different approaches were proposed for vulnerability detection in different stages of the application life-cycle. This article explores three main approaches to application security: Static Application Security Testing (SAST), Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST), and Software Composition Analysis (SCA). The analysis conducted in this work is focused on open-source solutions while considering commercial solutions to show contrast in the approaches taken and to better illustrate the different options available. It proposes a baseline comparison model to help evaluate and select the best solutions, using comparison criteria that are based on community standards. This work also identifies future opportunities for application security, highlighting some of the key challenges that still need to be addressed in order to fully protect against emerging threats, and proposes a workflow that combines the identified tools to be used for vulnerability assessments.

Abstract
We present optical sensors based on slotted multimode interference waveguides. The sensor can be tuned to highest sensitivity in the refractive index ranges necessary to detect protein-based molecules or other water-soluble chemical or biological materials. The material of choice is low-loss silicon oxynitride (SiON) which is highly stable to the reactivity with biological agents and processing chemicals. Sensors made with this technology are suited to high volume manufacturing. Copyright © 2009 M. Mayeh et al.

Abstract
The intrinsic advantages of optical sensor technology are very appealing for high voltage applications and can become a valuable asset in a new generation of smart grids. In this paper the authors present a review of optical sensors technologies for electrical current metering in high voltage applications. A brief historical overview is given together with a more detailed focus on recent developments. Technologies addressed include all fiber sensors, bulk magneto-optical sensors, piezoelectric transducers, magnetic force sensors and hybrid sensors. The physical principles and main advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Configurations and strategies to overcome common problems, such as interference from external currents and magnetic fields induced linear birefringence and others are discussed. The state-of-the-art is presented including commercial available systems.

Abstract
By measuring intensity distributions of cladding modes and using an optimization technique we show that the perturbation which forms arc-induced gratings in standard fibers is antisymmetric, while the perturbation in boron-germanium codoped fibers is symmetric. © 2006 Optical Society of America.

Abstract
In this work, a Brillouin fibre laser sensor for strain and temperature discrimination is presented. The fibre laser sensor consists in a Fabry-Pérot cavity with 20 meters of optical fibre between two Bragg gratings. © 2006 OSA/OFS 2006.

Abstract
A temperature-independent strain sensor using a fibre Bragg grating written in an array fused taper is presented. This structure shows a spectrum with several peaks where their relative amplitudes are independent of temperature variations but change with applied strain. © 2006 OSA/OFS 2006.