Abstract
In the coming years, many countries are going to bet on the exploitation of offshore wind energy. This is the case of southern European countries, where there is great wind potential for offshore exploitation. Although the conditions for energy production are more advantageous, all the costs involved are substantially higher when compared to onshore. It is, therefore, crucial to maximize system efficiency. In this paper, an optimization model based on a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming model is proposed to find the best wind turbines location in offshore wind farms taking into account the wake effect. A case study, concerning the design of an offshore wind farm, were carried out and several performance indicators were calculated and compared. The results show that the placement of the wind turbines diagonally presents better results for all performance indicators and corresponds to a lower percentage of energy production losses.

Abstract
Bidirectional electric vehicle charging stations (EVSE) offer new business models to users and can provide ancillary services to the electrical grid. During charging operation EMC standards and during discharging grid codes are applicable. In this study the harmonic emissions including the total harmonic distortion (THD) and total distortion demand factor (TDD) together with the grid impedance up to 2 kHz of a 10 kW bidirectional charging station are analyzed. While harmonic emission measurements of EVSE at laboratory conditions gives results for idealized conditions and field tests strongly depend on local grid conditions, the real-life operation of an EVSE at a well-known reconstructed grid gives valuable information about the harmonic behavior and impact to the grid impedance. The results show that the bidirectional EVSE can be a main pollutant of harmonic emissions at low power set-points, harmonic phase angle can change from inductive to capacitive behavior and the first resonance frequency of the grid impedance is moved to lower frequencies.

Abstract
Bidirectional electric vehicle charging stations (EVSE) offer new business models like Demand Response to users or can provide ancillary services to support the electrical grid (V2G and G2V). This type of charging station represents a novelty in the electrical grid, as it is considered as load and as power generation unit at the same time. In this study the supraharmonic emissions of a bidirectional EVSE are analyzed at a reconstructed electrical distribution grid. The emissions are determined according to existing standards (IEC61000-4-7 and IEC61000-4-30) for different grid conditions and operating points. Influence factors for supraharmonic emissions are identified as well as narrowband and wideband emissions of the EVSE. Time-domain analysis of the high-frequency signals which can lead to equipment malfunction concludes this work and emphasizes the need of regulations in this frequency range.

Abstract
The increase in the world's population combined with the development of new economies has led to a large scale increase in the demand for energy resources. New technologies have emerged that allow for the maintenance of the energy supply. Renewable sources and energy storage systems (ESS) are emerging as a crucial option for the development of Smart Grids. Using a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) optimization model, the effects of renewable production sources and storage systems on an electrical grid were studied, in order to maximize the profit of a Virtual Power Plant (VPP). The obtained results allowed us to verify the efficiency of the proposed method. The placement of renewable producers and the ESS, as well as the management optimization of the purchase and transfer process of the stored energy definitely increased the profit of VPP. The use of these technologies also improves the voltage profile and decreased the active power losses by 84% along with the network.

Abstract
Nowadays, power distribution systems face some challenges related to power losses minimization and voltage stability improvement along the networks. These challenges can also be a big opportunity to develop smarter and more efficient distribution networks, ensuring the continuity of service and the power quality supplied to consumers. At the same time, there are several international standards that regulate the power quality levels required for distribution networks.This paper addresses deeply these issues and provide a solution to solve both of these problems using Distributed Generators (DG) on optimal locations of the grid. The proposed method will analyze the injection of both real and reactive power in a regulated IEEE-69 bus system. In the first stage, the voltage and loss sensitivity of the load flow analysis is calculated using a MatLab algorithm. In a second stage, the methodology uses the voltage stability index (VSI) to obtain the optimal location of the DGs to ensure the best results of both, power loss and voltage stability for the grid. The obtained results show the good effectiveness of the proposed method.

Abstract