Abstract

Abstract
Most power systems are nowadays operated very near to their operating limits due to increase in consumption, while economic and environmental constraints have limited construction of new generation facilities and lines. This paper is devoted to the analysis of the ULTC effect in the dynamic voltage stability of an electric power network. Usually substations are provided with transformers with tap-changers facilities. It was long believed that transformers with tap-changers could eliminate or minimize effectively voltage instabilities. In this study it is shown the influence of the ULTC in the voltage instability for some situations in the analysed power network. It was used the BPA test power network. A severe contingency situation was simulated. The automatic voltage regulators of the generating units and the turbine speed governors will be modelled. The simulation results were obtained using the commercial transient software package EUROSTAG. Finally some conclusions that provide a better understanding of the voltage collapse phenomena are pointed out.

Abstract
In this paper it is presented a methodology to assess the transient stability of an electric power system using trajectory sensitivity analysis. This approach studies the variations of the system variables with respect to the small variations in initial conditions and parameters. Trajectory sensitivity functions of the post fault system with respect to relevant parameters are evaluated. The developed technique is combined with an accurate, flexible and efficient hybrid method that allows detailed modelling of the different devices of the power network, the simulation of distinct contingency scenarios, as well as the suitable identification of the different modes of instability. Moreover, it indicates unequivocally the set of the critical machines and allows to easily evaluate the transient stability margin and the critical clearing time.

Abstract
This paper is concerned with design considerations and tradeoffs involved in the power electronics development for light electric vehicles. A review of propulsion system design, power conversion structure and control is presented. A three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor is used as propulsion system for an electric scooter. The motor is controlled at different operating conditions by means of a simple scalar control using a low cost controller board developed for light electric vehicles used in local areas. Experimental results show that the proposed digital controller is able to follow the reference speed with a suitable dynamics for the electric scooter.

Abstract
This paper presents a digital controller suitable for an instructional laboratory in electric drives. A prototype has been designed specifically to meet the requirements of low cost and motivating education tool, and it contains all of the active functions required to implement the open loop control of induction motors. This approach develops the concept of "grey box" module where the details are built for convenience, but not hidden inside as a "black box". Introductory laboratory experiments are presented to demonstrate how this hardware can be integrated in laboratory classes to present the most important concepts as regards adjustable speed drives.

Abstract
This paper presents a low cost, modular, configurable and fully protected education tool based on a generic electronic converter to be used by students, providing them with skills regarding power electronics and converters, and enabling them to learn from experience the most important issues concerning DC and AC electric drives.