Abstract
The main objective of this work is to describe the Virtual Center for the Rehabilitation of Road Accident Victims - VICERAVI and the serious games it includes for the purpose of neuropsychological rehabilitation. The validation of the VICERAVI as a rehabilitation system involves 30 participants of both sexes, with brain injury due to road accidents. The applicability and the benefits of virtual worlds for a holistic neuropsychological rehabilitation will be tested using virtual reality (OpenSimulator) to simulate tasks of everyday life,,enabling participants to perform cognitive and social skills training through their avatars. The progresses of this group will se compared with a group of conventional neuropsychological rehabilitation. The main innovation of the work is the possibility if administering neuropsychological rehabilitation at distance, via ecological virtual environments. Moreover, the paper discusses also relevant criteria and issues in respect to the use of serious games, simulation and virtual environments in rehabilitation.

Abstract
This paper presents a visual localization approach that is suitable for domestic and industrial environments as it enables accurate, reliable and robust pose estimation. The mobile robot is equipped with a single camera which update sits pose whenever a landmark is available on the field of view. The innovation presented by this research focuses on the artificial landmark system which has the ability to detect the presence of the robot, since both entities communicate with each other using an infrared signal protocol modulated in frequency. Besides this communication capability, each landmark has several high intensity light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that shine only for some instances according to the communication, which makes it possible for the camera shutter and the blinking of the LEDs to synchronize. This synchronization increases the system tolerance concerning changes in brightness in the ambient lights over time, independently of the landmarks location. Therefore, the environment's ceiling is populated with several landmarks and an Extended Kalman Filter is used to combine the dead-reckoning and landmark information. This increases the flexibility of the system by reducing the number of landmarks required. The experimental evaluation was conducted in a real indoor environment with an autonomous wheelchair prototype.

Abstract
In this paper we propose a method to develop an omnidirectional kick (behavior) for a humanoid robot. This behavior uses a path planning module to create a trajectory that the foot must follow to propel the ball in the intended direction. Two additional modules were required when performing the movement: Inverse kinematics module which computes the value of the joints to position the foot at a given position and the stability module which is responsible for the robot's stability. Simulation tests are performed under different ball positions, relative to the robot's orientation, and for various ball directions. The results obtained showed the usefulness of the approach since the behavior performs accurately the intended motion and is able to kick the ball in all the directions desired.

Abstract
In this paper, an adaptive and low-cost robotic coating platform for small production series is presented. This new platform presents a flexible architecture that enables fast/automatic system adaptive behaviour without human intervention. The concept is based on contactless technology, using artificial vision and laser scanning to identify and characterize different workpieces travelling on a conveyor. Using laser triangulation, the workpieces are virtually reconstructed through a simplified cloud of three-dimensional (3D) points. From those reconstructed models, several algorithms are implemented to extract information about workpieces profile (pattern recognition), size, boundary and pose. Such information is then used to on-line adjust the "base" robot programmes. These robot programmes are off-line generated from a 3D computer-aided design model of each different workpiece profile. Finally, the robotic manipulator executes the coating process after its "base" programmes have been adjusted. This is a low-cost and fully autonomous system that allows adapting the robot's behaviour to different manufacturing situations. It means that the robot is ready to work over any piece at any time, and thus, small production series can be reduced to as much as a one-object series. No skilled workers and large setup times are needed to operate it. Experimental results showed that this solution proved to be efficient and can be applied not only for spray coating purposes but also for many other industrial processes (automatic manipulation, pick-and-place, inspection, etc.).

Abstract
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present a CAD-based human-robot interface that allows non-expert users to teach a robot in a manner similar to that used by human beings to teach each other. Design/methodology/approach - Intuitive robot programming is achieved by using CAD drawings to generate robot programs off-line. Sensory feedback allows minimization of the effects of uncertainty, providing information to adjust the robot paths during robot operation. Findings - It was found that it is possible to generate a robot program from a common CAD drawing and run it without any major concerns about calibration or CAD model accuracy. Research limitations/implications - A limitation of the proposed system has to do with the fact that it was designed to be used for particular technological applications. Practical implications - Since most manufacturing companies have CAD packages in their facilities today, CAD-based robot programming may be a good option to program robots without the need for skilled robot programmers. Originality/value - The paper proposes a new CAD-based robot programming system. Robot programs are directly generated from a CAD drawing "running" on a commonly available 3D CAD package (Autodesk Inventor) and not from a commercial, computer aided robotics (CAR) software, making it a simple CAD integrated solution. This is a low-cost and low-setup time system where no advanced robot programming skills are required to operate it. In summary, robot programs are generated with a high-level of abstraction from the robot language.

Abstract
The inspiration for this paper comes from a successful experiment conducted with students in the "Mobile Robots" course in the fifth year of the integrated Master's program in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal. One of the topics in this Mobile Robots course is "Localization of Mobile Robots using the Extended Kalman Filter in a LEGO NXT," which gives the students the opportunity to study the concepts of localization. This experiment comes within the framework of teaching localization concepts in mobile robotics and focuses primarily on explaining the Kalman filter concept. It involves a specific tool developed by the authors and based on LEGO NXT technology. The work presented here could be a helpful guide for teaching concepts related to localization in mobile robotics to ensure adequate understanding of the concept and of the use of the extended Kalman filter (EKF). The LegoFeup robot described here was built using a LEGO Mindstorms NXT and tested both in simulation and in real scenarios. Based on the results obtained, the authors concluded that the developed tool is effective in motivating students. The implementation of the tool, the structure of the Mobile Robots course, and the criteria for student assessment are described in this paper.