Abstract
Kaolin-particle film has been considered a low-cost technology to mitigate the adverse effects of high light and temperature, and drought in several crops. However, the underlying excess energy absorption and dissipation mechanisms, and related components associated with kaolin photoprotective effects in grapevines are poorly explored. This study aims to understand the interactions between kaolin foliar treatment and photosynthetic pigments accumulation, carotenoids metabolism, xanthophyll cycle regulation, and its putative role on the non photochemical quenching (NPQ) processes in Touriga-Franca (TF) and Touriga-Nacional (TN) varieties. The experiments were conducted during the 2017 summer season in a commercial vineyard, and measurements were performed at pre-dawn and midday in each sampling date (EL35 - veraison; EL38 - full mature). Overall, TF variety showed higher accumulation of chlorophylls, xanthophylls, and de-epoxidation state (DPS) than TN. Kaolin treatment enhanced TN chlorophyll accumulation up to 114 % at EL35 (veraison) and 123 % at EL38 (full mature), highlighting its protective role on chlorophyll degradation, while no changes were found in TF, which might indicate a lower need for particle-film technology in this variety under the current environmental conditions. Individual carotenoids were mainly higher in the treated leaves of both varieties, as well as the xanthophyll cycle pigments zeaxanthin (Z(x)) and violaxanthin (V-x). Simultaneously, the DPS and NPQ values were lower in TN and TF treated leaves (1.92 - 2.36) compared to untreated vines (3.19 - 3.24), suggesting that there might be other components influencing NPQ levels beyond Z(x), with an indirect role in long-lasting NPQ processes. In addition, in the TF kaolin-treated leaves, violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VvVDE1) and zeaxanthin epoxidase (VvZEP1) gene expression were respectively 3-fold and 4-fold upregulated at stage EL35, while VvZEP1 gene expression decreased at stage EL38 in TN kaolin-treated leaves, indicating an optimised regulation of the xanthophyll cycle. These findings suggest that kaolin treatment promoted a fine-tuning of grapevine summer stress responses under sustained summer stress factors, by managing xanthophyll cycle dynamics, and pigments accumulation.

Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of kaolin particle film is considered a short-term strategy against several environmental stresses in areas with a Mediterranean-like climate. However, it is known that temperature fluctuations and water availability over the season can jeopardize kaolin efficiency in many Mediterranean crops. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the effects of kaolin foliar application on berry phytohormones, antioxidant defence, and oenological parameters at veraison and harvest stages of Touriga-Franca (TF) and Touriga-Nacional (TN) grapevines in two growing seasons (2017 and 2018). The 2017 growing season was considered the driest (-147.1 dryness index) and the warmest (2705 degrees C growing degree days) of the study. RESULTS In 2017, TF kaolin-treated berries showed lower salicylic acid (-26.6% compared with unsprayed vines) and abscisic acid (ABA) (-10.5%) accumulation at veraison, whereas salicylic acid increased up to 28.8% at harvest. In a less hot season, TN and TF kaolin-treated grapevines showed a twofold in ABA content and a threefold increase in the indole-3-acetic acid content at veraison and lower ABA levels (83.8%) compared with unsprayed vines at harvest. Treated berries showed a decreased sugar content, without compromising malic and tartaric acid levels, and reactive oxygen species accumulation throughout berry ripening. CONCLUSION The results suggest kaolin exerts a delaying effect in triggering ripening-related processes under severe summer stress conditions. Treated berries responded with improved antioxidant defence and phytohormone balance, showing significant interactions between kaolin treatment, variety, and developmental stage in both assessed years. (c) 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the magnitude and shape of the forces applied on the foot rest, foot strap, and paddle. Thirteen elite male kayakers participated in this study and performed a 2-min test simulating 500 m race pace in a kayak ergometer. Forces applied by the kayakers on the paddle, foot rest, and foot strap were measured with load cells and recorded by an electronic measuring system. The magnitude of the peak forces applied on the foot rest (left: 543.27 +/- 85.93; right: 524.39 +/- 88.36) approximately doubled the ones applied on the paddle (left: 236.37 +/- 19.32; right: 243.92 +/- 28.89). The forces on the foot strap were similar in magnitude to the paddle forces (left: 240.09 +/- 74.92; right: 231.05 +/- 52.01). A positive correlation was found between the peak forces applied on the foot rest and paddle on the same side (p < 0.001). When comparing the best and worst kayakers' performance, the best showed greater forces magnitudes and synchronization of the peak forces. Analyses of the force-time curves, including not only the forces applied by the kayaker on the paddle but also the ones applied on the foot rest and strap, should be considered relevant in terms of technique analyses.

Abstract
An efficient strategy to develop porous materials with potential for NO2 sensing was based in the preparation of a metal-organic framework (MOF), UiO-66(Hf), modified with a very small amount of meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) N-methylpyrrolidine-fused chlorin (TCPC), TCPC@MOF. Chlorin's incorporation into the UiO-66(Hf) framework was verified by several characterization methods and revealed that the as-synthesized TCPC@MOF brings together the chemical stability of UiO-66(Hf) and the photophysical properties of the pyrrolidine-fused chlorin which is about five times more emissive than the porphyrin counterpart. TCPC@MOF was further incorporated into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the resulting TCPC@MOF@PDMS film was tested in NO2 gas sensing. It showed notable sensitivity as well as a fast response in the range between 0.5 and 500 ppm where an emission intensity quenching is observed up to 96% for 500 ppm. This is a rare example of a chlorin-derivative used for gas-sensing applications through emission changes, and an unusual case of this type of optical-sensing composites of NO2.

Abstract
In this work new rosamine-silica composites were prepared and their sensing ability towards different amines was assessed. Rice husk wastes were used as a biogenic silica source. Silica was extracted by thermal treatment, before rice husk ash and after acid leaching with citric acid-treated rice husk ash. Mesoporous material (SBA-15) was also prepared using the extracted silica. The prepared materials were characterized by several techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM and N-2 adsorption. The materials were then used as adsorbents of the chromophore N-methylpyridinium rosamine (Ros4PyMe). The obtained loaded composites were tested in solution for amines sensing (n-butylamine, aniline, putrescine and cadaverine). The detection studies were analyzed by fluorescence and revealed 40% and 48% quenching in fluorescence intensity for the composite Ros4PyMe@SBA in the presence of the biogenic amines cadaverine and putrescine, respectively. The composite was also sensitive in the powder form, changing the color from violet to pale pink in the presence of putrescine vapors with a fast response (around 2 min), the process being reversible by exposure to air.

Abstract
The search for accurate and sensitive methods to detect chemical substances, namely cations and anions, is urgent and widely sought due to the enormous impact that some of these chemical species have on human health and on the environment. Here, we present a new platform for the efficient sensing of Cu2+ and Li+ cations. For this purpose, two novel photoactive diketopyrrolopyrrole-rhodamine conjugates were synthesized through the condensation of a diketopyrrolopyrrole dicarbaldehyde with rhodamine B hydrazide. The resulting chemosensors 1 and 2, bearing one or two rhodamine hydrazide moieties, respectively, were characterized by H-1 and C-13 NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry, and their photophysical and ion-responsive behaviours were investigated via absorption and fluorescence measurements. Chemosensors 1 and 2 displayed a rapid colorimetric response upon the addition of Cu2+, with a remarkable increase in the absorbance and fluorescence intensities. The addition of other metal ions caused no significant effects. Moreover, the resulting chemosensor-Cu2+ complexes revealed to be good probes for the sensing of Li+ with reversibility and low detection limits. The recognition ability of the new chemosensors was investigated by absorption and fluorescence titrations and competitive studies.