Abstract
The objective of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 requires the various sectors of the economy to actively participate in the decarbonisation of all their activities, from production to consumption and product distribution. The vineyard and wine production sector is no exception to this goal. This paper aims to evaluate the feasibility and efficiency that hybrid energy systems based on renewable energy sources, solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind, can contribute to energy efficiency in certain activities related to wine production. In this sense, this study presents results based on linear programming optimisation models, which show how effective they are in minimising the use of energy from the power grid. The results show that renewable hybrid energy systems based on PV and wind are an effective solution for achieving carbon neutrality in some agricultural sectors, particularly winemaking sector. Besides being able to minimise the energy bought from the grid, the hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is almost self-sufficient, being able to produce 340,232 kWh over 25 years.

Abstract
Water is essential at various stages of winemaking, from irrigation in the vineyard to cleaning equipment and facilities, controlling fermentation temperatures, and diluting grape juice if necessary. Additionally, water is used for sanitation purposes to ensure the quality and safety of the final product. This article provides an overview of the existing knowledge regarding the use of water in wineries throughout the winemaking process, water consumption values, effluent treatment, efficient use of water measures, and water reuse. Different assessment methods, including Water Footprint (WF) and Life Cycle Assessment(LCA), provide varied insights into water use impacts, emphasizing the importance of standardized methodologies for accurate assessment and sustainable practices. This research showed that the characterization of the vinification processes of each type of wine is fundamental for further analysis on the environmental impact of winemaking regarding water use. It was also observed that WF is affected by factors like climate, irrigation needs, and cleaning procedures. Thus, efficient water management in all the stages of wine production is crucial to reduce the overall WF. Water efficiency measures may involve the modification of the production processes, reusing and recycling water and the implementation of cleaner production practices and technological innovations, such as automated fermentation systems that reduce water needs. Furthermore, waste management in wineries emphasizes the importance of sustainable practices and technological innovations to mitigate environmental impacts and enhance resource efficiency.

Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant growth in the use of technologies that rely on natural resources (wind, solar, etc.) as primary sources of energy. The generation originating from renewable sources brings an increased need for adaptation in power electrical systems. Predicting the amount of energy produced by these technologies is a complex task due to the uncertainty associated with natural resources. This uncertainty hinders decision-making, both at the system level and for consumers themselves who are increasingly using this type of technology for self-consumption. This study focuses on classifying solar intensity using imbalanced data, which means that some of the data categories are more prevalent than others. Oversampling techniques are be employed to increase the amount of data, thereby allowing for balanced training data and improving the performance of prediction models. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

Abstract
One of the biggest obstacles when it comes to the electrification of the vehicle fleet is the charging time of an electric vehicle (EV), which means that users of these vehicles, when they need to charge their car, always look for fast charging stations. This is the charging method that has the shortest duration. In the coming years, an increase in the proliferation of electric vehicles will lead to a greater demand for electricity, which in turn will put the distribution network to the test. Since the number of non-linear loads increases day by day, putting the distribution network under increasing stress, it is wise to study the effects of the high penetration of electric vehicles (EV) on the power quality of the network. This paper aims to study the impact of charging EV on the quality of energy in the distribution network. First, an analysis of the harmonics and electronics (non-linear loads) associated with EV chargers will be done. Then, a simulation will be performed on the IEEE 33 network using the Matlab/Simulink simulation software. Finally, a comparison will be made of the results obtained in the simulation and possible ways of mitigating the harmonics that non-linear loads inject into the electricity distribution network. Keywords. Electrical Vehicle (EV), Harmonic Analysis, Matlab/Simulink, EV DC Fast Charger, Non-Linear Loads.

Abstract
According to the Portuguese Roadmap for Carbon Neutrality 2050 (RNC2050), Portugal aims to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to decrease the consumption of primary energy from non-renewable sources and increase the consumption of energy from renewable sources. Portugal has a high potential for energy production through solar energy, and the country has a large solar potential that can be used. Thus, this work focuses on the study of the reliability of charging electric vehicles through photovoltaic energy, being sized electric vehicles charging stations, with different topologies, for domestic consumption, for different types of user profiles. At the same time this study evaluated technically and economically the proposed solutions. The research concluded that this type of technology proves to be a viable solution, especially if storage systems do not need to be implemented, as the limited useful lifetime of batteries substantially increases investment amortization times. Key words. Photovoltaic Systems, Electric Vehicle, Charging Stations, Energy Efficiency, Techno-Economic Study.

Abstract
Socioeconomic growth and population increase are driving a constant global demand for energy. Renewable energy is emerging as a leading solution to minimise the use of fossil fuels. However, renewable resources are characterised by significant intermittency and unpredictability, which impact their energy production and integration into the power grid. Forecasting models are increasingly being developed to address these challenges and have become crucial as renewable energy sources are integrated in energy systems. In this paper, a comparative analysis of forecasting methods for renewable energy production is developed, focusing on photovoltaic and wind power. A review of state-of-the-art techniques is conducted to synthesise and categorise different forecasting models, taking into account climatic variables, optimisation algorithms, pre-processing techniques, and various forecasting horizons. By integrating diverse techniques such as optimisation algorithms and pre-processing methods and carefully selecting the forecast horizon, it is possible to highlight the accuracy and stability of forecasts. Overall, the ongoing development and refinement of forecasting methods are crucial to achieve a sustainable and reliable energy future.