Abstract
Water stress is a significant issue in many countries, including Portugal, which has seen a 20% reduction in water availability over the last 20 years, with a further 10-25% reduction expected by the end of the century. To address potable water consumption, this study aims to identify the optimal rainwater harvesting (RWH) system for a commercial building under various non-potable water use scenarios. This research involved qualitative and quantitative methods, utilizing the Rippl method for storage reservoir sizing and ETA 0701 version 11 guidelines. Various scenarios of non-potable water use were considered, including their budgets and economic feasibility. The best scenario was determined through cash flow analysis, considering the initial investment (RWH construction), income (water bill savings), and expenses (energy costs from hydraulic pumps), and evaluating the net present value (NPV), payback period (PB), and internal rate of return (IRR). The energy savings obtained were calculated by sizing a hybrid system with an RWH system and a photovoltaic (PV) system to supply the energy needs of each of the proposed scenarios and the water pump, making the system independent of the electricity grid. The results show that the best scenario resulted in energy savings of 92.11% for a 7-month period of regularization. These results also demonstrate the possibility for reducing potable water consumption in non-essential situations supported by renewable energy systems, thus helping to mitigate water stress while simultaneously reducing dependence on the grid.

Abstract
To achieve lower switching losses and higher frequency capabilities in converter design, researchers worldwide have been investigating Silicon carbide (SiC) modules and MOSFETs. In power electronics, wide bandgap devices such as Silicon carbide are essential for creating more efficient, higher-density, and higher-power-rated converters. Devices like SiC and Gallium nitride (GaN) offer numerous advantages in power electronics, particularly by influencing parasitic capacitance and inductance in printed circuit boards (PCBs). A review paper on Silicon carbide converter designs using coupled inductors provides a comprehensive analysis of the advancements in SiC-based power converter technologies. Over the past decade, SiC converter designs have demonstrated both efficiency and reliability, underscoring significant improvements in performance and design methodologies over time. This review paper examines developments in Silicon carbide converter design from 2014 to 2024, with a focus on the research conducted in the past ten years. It highlights the advantages of SiC technology, techniques for constructing converters, and the impact on other components. Additionally, a bibliometric analysis of prior studies has been conducted, with a particular focus on strategies to minimize switching losses, as discussed in the reviewed articles. © 2025 by the authors.

Abstract
This study explores models for synthetic data generation of time series. In order to improve the achieved results, i.e., the data generated, new ways of improvement are explored and different models of synthetic data generation are compared. The model addressed in this work is the Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), known for generating data similar to the original basis data through the training of a generator. The GANs are applied using the datasets of Quinta de Santa Barbara and the Pinhao region, with the main variables being the Average temperature, Wind direction, Average wind speed, Maximum instantaneous wind speed and Solar radiation. The model allowed to generate missing data in a given period and, in turn, enables to analyze the results and compare them with those of a multiple linear regression method, being able to evaluate the effectiveness of the generated data. In this way, through the study and analysis of the GANs we can see if the model presents effectiveness and accuracy in the synthetic generation of meteorological data. With the proper conclusions of the results, this information can be used in order to improve the search for different models and the ability to generate synthetic time series data, which is representative of the real, original, data.

Abstract
Currently Harmonic distortion is one of the most frequent disturbances present in electrical networks, with consequences at various levels. This study intends to verify the impact that this disturbance has on the behaviour of the three-phase induction motor. Therefore, the novelty of the presented work consists in the understanding and verification of the impact of individual odd harmonics in motor behaviour. As well as analysing the impact of harmonics on the performance of induction motors, this study highlights the importance of effective technical communication and international collaboration in disseminating sustainable solutions for the green transition. The results obtained clearly demonstrate that each of the harmonics acting alone has a different influence on the motor's main parameters, especially the losses and the efficiency. In fact, lower order harmonics have greater impact on the efficiency reduction, comparing to higher orders harmonics. Therefore, special attention must to be given to attenuate it. Simultaneously, it was possible to verify the influence of total harmonic distortion in several parameters, namely with respect to torque, speed, losses and efficiency. The EMTP/ATP simulation tool was used as a tool with great capacity for transients and disturbances simulation in the voltage waveform. © 2025 IEEE.

Abstract
The increasing adoption of microgrids, driven by the integration of renewable energy and decentralized power systems, has highlighted the critical need to address harmonic distortion for reliable and efficient operation. In this study, a detailed simulation framework is developed to investigate the behavior of harmonic emissions under various operating conditions. Additionally, this study highlights framed with ECO-GT (Engineers Communicating and Collaborating Internationally for the Green Transition) project, the importance of effective international communication and collaboration among engineers in the green transition, ensuring that technical solutions for power quality are clearly conveyed to diverse stakeholders. The analysis focuses on identifying dominant harmonic sources, evaluating their impact on power quality, and exploring mitigation strategies. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the simulation model in accurately predicting harmonic behavior and provide valuable insights into designing harmonically robust microgrids. This study underscores the importance of advanced modeling tools in addressing the challenges of harmonic distortion in modern power systems. © 2025 IEEE.

Abstract
The expansion of distributed renewable energy technologies like photovoltaic systems and electric vehicle (EV) charging stations and its active power electronics causes direct current (DC) emissions in the electrical AC distribution grids which are currently not monitored. Although emissions in the harmonic frequency range (50 Hz to 2 kHz) are well standardized, for DC emissions no standards are defined yet. However, failure to detect and standardize DC emissions do have a significant negative impact on the public grid through grid disturbances or quality losses. Measurement and protection systems are affected as well as thermal effects on cables or transformers are given. In this study the DC current emissions of EV charging stations and PV systems are analyzed and characterized at the reconstructed electrical distribution grid of the university of applied sciences Technikum Vienna. The results show that the DC current emissions depend on the design of the active power used in V2G chargers and photovoltaic systems and how they vary at different power levels (low power vs. high power). The research indicates that the emissions can reach up to 200 mA from a single EV charger. © 2025 IEEE.