Abstract
In an increasingly competitive tourism landscape, digital marketing strategies must adapt to engage modern travelers effectively. This paper investigates the role of gamification in enhancing the competitiveness of tourist destinations, focusing specifically on Braga, Portugal. The study aims to evaluate how gamification can influence destination attractiveness, enhance tourist experiences, and inform decision-making processes. The study used a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. The qualitative component consisted of semi-structured interviews with key tourism stakeholders in Braga, revealing insights into the benefits and challenges of implementing gamification strategies. The quantitative analysis involved surveys conducted with tourists, assessing their perceptions of gamified elements and their influence on travel decisions. Findings indicate that tourists perceive gamification positively, particularly regarding features such as achievements, storytelling, and point systems, which significantly affect their travel choices. Stakeholders recognize the potential of gamification to boost tourist engagement and satisfaction, while also emphasizing the need to address implementation challenges. The study concludes that gamification can enhance the attractiveness and competitiveness of tourist destinations, though its success depends on strategic planning, resource allocation, and collaboration among stakeholders. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

Abstract
This study examines the social factors influencing the acceptance of autonomous buses, with a focus on perceived benefits, safety, and comfort. It also explores whether these factors differ among residents of cities with varying sizes and urban mobility solutions. A survey was conducted in three Polish cities, collecting data from 1,160 respondents. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to analyse relationships between perceived benefits, safety, comfort, and future intentions to use autonomous buses. Results indicate that safety and comfort positively influence future intentions to use autonomous buses. However, the effect of perceived benefits varies across cities, suggesting that urban mobility conditions shape public acceptance. The study focuses on Polish cities, which may limit generalizability. Future research should examine other geographical contexts. Findings provide insights for policymakers and manufacturers on enhancing public trust and promoting autonomous bus adoption. Improving public awareness and addressing safety concerns may increase societal acceptance of autonomous mobility. The study uniquely assesses how city characteristics influence social acceptance of autonomous buses.