Abstract
Due to the competitiveness in the job shop nature of the metalworking industry, project management plays an important role in improving performance, efficiently and effectively managing its performance. Many of the generic problems observed in project management in metalworking industries were in the domain of document management, communication, multiple projects simultaneously, organizational structure, and poorly time estimation of project activities. The aim of this study was to improve the planning and time control in the project management of a metalworking industry in order to reduce the delivery delays. Using the existing data, an analysis of the project management process was carried out with the view to optimize the production system. In order to meet the established objectives, some of the project management tools were used, such as the Ishikawa diagram, PERT (three points estimating times), Monte Carlo simulation, as well as the involvement of people in the estimation and sequencing of activities, and holding weekly meetings to ensure the alignment of professionals. After the implementation of the actions proposed for the production process, there were gains of 50% and 38% in the average of deviations of times for two different projects of the case study and the Monte Carlo gave the best approximation.

Abstract
Water is at the core of sustainable development, and its use for human activities, including vehicle washing, should be done in a sustainable way. There are several technical solutions for washing buses offering different performances, making it difficult to choose the one that best meets the requirements of each specific case. The literature on the topic hardly analyzes the choice of the best technical solution for washing buses and does not apply and compare the results of different multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) methods for the problem. The unique information available is from the different suppliers in the market. Whereby, this work intends to give a technical-scientific contribution to fulfill this gaps. Therefore, the main objectives of this work are (1) to select the best sustainable technical solutions for washing buses depending on the specific conditions for a case study and (2) to analyze how different multicriteria decision-making methods behave in the selection process. To achieve these objectives, the problem was approached as a case study in a public transport company in Portugal and the methodology followed the next steps: started with the identification of the different types of commercial technical solutions for washing buses; the company's experts selected four main criteria: water consumption, operating costs, quality of washing, and time spent; the criteria weights were determined using the fuzzy-AHP method; then four representative MCDM methods were selected, namely, AHP, ELECTRE, TOPSIS, and SMART; the ranks obtained for the four methods were compared; and a sensitivity analysis was performed. Considering the input data for the criteria and their weights, the results for all the methods showed that the best and the worst solution was the same, mobile portico with a brush and porticoes with three brushes, respectively. Furthermore, the results of the sensitivity analysis performed with disturbances for the weights of each criterion presented that the results are slightly affected and the similarity in rankings for the four MCDM methods was validated by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rs) and Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W). Considering these results, the SMART method, the less complex one, showed no difference from the others. For that reason, simple methods, such as SMART, in line with other works in the literature perform well in most cases. As a final remark of this work, it can be said that the methodology employed in this project can also be deemed applicable to other similar companies seeking technical solutions for bus or truck washing. Furthermore, the application of the SMART method, the less complex one and the most understandable for people, showed no difference from the others, being able to be applied in similar situations.

Abstract
Este livro é o resultado do arranjo e compilação de textos didáticos produzidos ou adaptados pelos seus autores para apoio a unidades curriculares dos mestrados em Engenharia Mecânica - Gestão Industrial e Engenharia Eletrotécnica e Computadores – Sistemas de Planeamento Industrial, do Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Politécnico do Porto. Esses textos foram revistos e reorganizados, com vista, não só a manterem a função original de ajuda à formação de estudantes afetos a esta área do conhecimento, como também a constituírem uma referência de conhecimentos para quem deseje iniciar-se nestes temas; procuram ainda ser uma base de consulta e informação para engenheiros ou outros profissionais com funções na gestão da produção. O livro percorre os marcos mais significativos da trajetória histórica da gestão da produção, com particular foco no planeamento e controlo da produção, procurando interpretar e tornar compreensível a sua evolução, e relevando, sempre que oportuno, a influência da tecnologia nos modelos de gestão, e sua interligação. Começa por uma referência à tipologia dos sistemas de produção no capítulo I e aborda, no capítulo II, as principais funções do planeamento, programação e controlo da produção em contexto MRP, normalmente considerada uma visão mais clássica do tema. Outras duas aproximações com expressividade, a Teoria das Restrições e o JIT/Lean, são abordadas nos capítulos III e IV respetivamente. No capítulo V, o livro finaliza o seu conteúdo com uma breve referência a sistemas de informação empresariais, particularmente vocacionados para contextos de produção. Os autores expressam o seu agradecimento a todos os colegas, alunos e editor, que, com os seus contributos, permitiram chegar ao documento que agora disponibilizamos. Esperamos que lhe seja útil, prezado leitor, que suscite em si a mesma satisfação que o seu longo processo de compilação nos proporcionou, e que possa vir a ser, em próxima revisão, enriquecido com as valiosas críticas, sempre bem-vindas, que haja por bem dedicar-lhe.