Abstract
Carbon neutralization is a European concern, which is why the maritime sector should implement strategies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly in port areas. The Port of Sines, a very important maritime hub in Portugal, is in a stage of significant expansion including new terminal constructions and renewable energy projects, which amplify its energy demands. This paper presents a new approached of a load model, consumption Integration of renewable energy sources and energy storage systems for the Port of Sines, analysing a global hourly energy consumption in two months of 2023. Using a Software Package MATLAB, the details of the consumption profiles of all ships and terminals in order to identify periods of peak demand, the information on the integration of renewable energy sources and energy storage systems, will be studied and analysed. Due to the increase in maritime traffic and the use of potential Onshore Power Supply Systems (OPS) to reduce emissions, in this study a new energy requirements will be analysed. This new model will be as a step for optimizing the port's electrical infrastructure, enhancing energy efficiency, and supporting sustainable growth. Finally, some conclusions that provide a valuable contribution to the understanding of the Portuguese Ports, aims to provide a critical study of the load model to be taken, into account when managing port energy demand and advancing environmental goals are pointed out.

Abstract
In a world that is in constant changing and where carbon neutrality becomes a common objective, it is necessary to implement European policies and targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The maritime sector is one of the most polluting in the world, becoming mandatory to implement technologies in port area to reduce their footprint. Most of the good's transportation are made by sea, the maritime industry is growing, and the biggest chair of greenhouse gas emission comes from shipping. The seaport has the role to implement solutions to reduce the emissions in port area, allowing the ships to shutdown their engines while they are moored in port. Renewable energy production alongside with shore power supply systems are becoming a common solution in ports as some of the technologies that allows to reduce ships emissions in port area. This paper presents the state of the art of onshore power supply in ports and standards related to shore power supply and data requirements for load model built and emissions calculations.

Abstract
Onshore power supply (OPS) is a key enabler for decarbonizing port operations and meeting upcoming regulatory targets such as the EU AFIR Regulation 2023/1805 and Portugal's PNEC 2030. This paper presents a simulation-based framework for estimating the OPS demand of container ships at berth, integrating ship hoteling loads, reefer thermal dynamics with flexible control, and OPS/auxiliary engine (AE) dispatch under port grid constraints. A case study at Terminal XXI of the Port of Sines demonstrates the approach using high-resolution (1-minute) simulations. Results show that reefer flexibility enables peak shaving, OPS demand can be enforced within available grid capacity without violating thermal limits, and AE provides reliable backup. Complementary machine learning modules based on Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, and XGBoost enable accurate imputation of missing ship descriptors and OPS demand forecasting (R2 > 0.95). The framework provides an AI-ready decision-support tool for OPS infrastructure planning and port energy management. © 2025 IEEE.