Abstract
The emergence of the so-called “European Paradox” shows that increasing Governmental R&D Investment is far from being a ‘panacea’ for stagnant growth. It is worth noting that Governmental R&D Investment does not have a statistically significant impact on employment, indicating the need to assess the trade-offs of policies that could lead to significant increases in government expenditure. Surprisingly, Governmental R&D Employment does not contribute to ‘mass-market’ employment, despite its quite important role in reducing Youth-Unemployment. Despite the negative side-effects of Governmental R&D Employment on both GVA and GDP, University R&D Employment appears to have a quite important role in reducing Unemployment, especially Youth-Unemployment, while it also does not have a downside in terms of economic growth. Technological Capacity enhancement is the most effective instrument for reducing Unemployment and is a policy without any downside regarding sustainable economic development. © Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Facultad de Economía y Negocios.

Abstract
Nowadays, workers and students preparing for a career are aware that they must constantly update their skills in order to fulfil both the market’s and companies’ demands. The environment is packed with technologies that help us by optimizing our tasks on a daily basis. However, the majority of opinions can agree that these tools may have a bigger impact on the labour market than it was ever expected. What is the future of jobs as we know them, and what impact will future technology innovations have on society? Lots of factors enter the picture when this particular topic is discussed – including the economy in general, productivity rates, salaries and expenses, people’s stress and satisfaction levels, among others. To achieve this study’s main purpose, questionnaires were distributed, which were the basis for the creation of a hypothetical model that represents our understanding of the subject considering the sample’s feedback. This study also advances our view concerning the literature review and the opinions of those surveyed, aiming to provide a strong and consistent theory of what the market labour will be; that is, which jobs are likely to lose practice, which ones may subsist, and which activities might grow with the circumstances’ influence. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Abstract
The Internet has changed the way people and businesses communicate. Social media is now seen as a marketing tool, as it influences the promotion of products and helps to raise brand awareness and recognition. Indeed, companies now want to build long-term relationships with clients through online channels, as they are more convenient, faster and reach a greater public. Our article emphasizes the role of social media as a driving force to promote online businesses and build a well-known brand. However, to build and manage customers’ relationships and loyalty, brands need to develop an online communication strategy that will help to promote the brand. Our case study focuses on the success story of Josefinas, a Portuguese luxury shoe brand. It was created exclusively online and became a well-known brand due to social media and digital influencers. However, is it enough for businesses to be online? To answer this question and to analyse the major role social media played in building Josefinas, our study involved two interviews and the analysis of secondary data. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.

Abstract
LinkedIn is undoubtedly a market leader when it comes to social networks that are aimed for professional use, demonstrating over time that it is a highly valued instrument used by recruiters, as well as a successful way to complement/replace organic recruitment. One of the areas with the most current demand and specific requirements/skills is Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and, as in all scientific fields, there is a huge focus on recruiting the best candidate in the shortest time possible. The key goals of this article are to understand the relevance of LinkedIn use by an ICT recruiter taking into account the specific requirements/skills often desired by companies, to perceive if ICT students and workers with an updated LinkedIn profile are contacted by recruiters, and comprehend if it is true to say that recruitment via a social network is faster and does not detract from the quality of the hired candidate, compared with organic recruitment. A survey was performed focusing on students and workers in the ICT field and two semi-structured interviews were conducted in a consulting firm as well as in a software house. The results obtained suggest that LinkedIn is an essential recruitment tool for the ICT companies/consulting firms, but it is important to emphasize that most companies combine organic recruitment with LinkedIn recruitment. In our study, 89% of the respondents with an updated LinkedIn account have already been contacted by recruiters, proving that LinkedIn can certainly increase the probability of being hired. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Abstract

Abstract
When we look around us, we see people of all ages using all kinds of technology, more specifically, devices like cellphones are used by younglings, adults and older people. There is no escaping it. Consequently, we decided to analyse how technologies affect the lives of these men and women, focusing on an older age group, mainly because of the lack of studies that focus on people over 65. If most of them are able to speak, focus, and learn, how many of them have given in to the new waves of evolution that have feasted on the world for the past few years? That is exactly what we are trying to find out: How older people react to new technology (more specifically to information and communication technologies or ICT), how often and how they use it. For this study, we decided to focus on the littoral north of Portugal, given that the author-group’s members live along the coast line. A survey was performed (with 56 valid responses) as were eight interviews. Regarding the view that the older people we have interviewed have of millennials, most of our respondents show some concern. Notably, they see the Internet as an addiction of the younger elements in society, contributing to them getting into trouble, losing interest in school, meeting up with strangers and only being concerned with being popular on social media. As concerns ICT usage by elders, the psychological component of the “I can’t" does not help them. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.