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Publications

Publications by Carlos Eduardo Duarte

2024

A catalyst for European cloud services in the era of data spaces, high-performance and edge computing: NOUS

Authors
Fernandez, AM; Ronco, EM; Remon, D; Rossini, R; Subic, T; Oliveira, MA; Duarte, CE; Nikoloudakis, N; Moreau, N; Moraitis, P; Hadjidimitriou, NS; Mamei, M; Krokidas, P; Rekatsinas, C; Dimitrakis, P; Giannakopoulos, G; Villaverde, DV; Alonso, RS;

Publication
PROCEEDINGS OF 4TH ECLIPSE SECURITY, AI, ARCHITECTURE AND MODELLING CONFERENCE ON DATA SPACES, ESAAM 2024

Abstract
Europe's position in the current cloud market needs to be improved. This market is currently dominated by non-European players by 75%, shaping the way that Europe is deploying and using cloud services. Although these players are bound to laws and regulations of foreign powers, such as PR China and USA, generating legitimate concerns for the EU, its businesses and citizens. EU's digital future resides on having installed secure, high-quality data processing capacity. This can only be offered by cloud services both centrally and at the edge. In this context NOUS's ambition is completely in line with the European Strategy for data as aims to create the foundations for a European Cloud Service which exploits the HPC network and tackles specific-to-the-EU-economy requirements as well as leverages different data spaces (Mobility, Energy, Green Deal and Manufacturing).

2025

Automated Microservice Pattern Instance Detection Using Infrastructure-as-Code Artifacts and Large Language Models

Authors
Duarte, CE;

Publication
2025 IEEE 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE COMPANION, ICSA-C

Abstract
Documenting software architecture is essential to preserve architecture knowledge, even though it is frequently costly. Architecture pattern instances, including microservice pattern instances, provide important structural software information. Practitioners should document this information to prevent knowledge vaporization. However, architecture patterns may not be detectable by analyzing source code artifacts, requiring the analysis of other types of artifacts. Moreover, many existing pattern detection instance approaches are complex to extend. This article presents our ongoing PhD research, early experiments, and a prototype for a tool we call MicroPAD for automating the detection of microservice pattern instances. The prototype uses Large Language Models (LLMs) to analyze Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC) artifacts to aid detection, aiming to keep costs low and maximize the scope of detectable patterns. Early experiments ran the prototype thrice in 22 GitHub projects. We verified that 83% of the patterns that the prototype identified were in the project. The costs of detecting the pattern instances were minimal. These results indicate that the approach is likely viable and, by lowering the entry barrier to automating pattern instance detection, could help democratize developer access to this category of architecture knowledge. Finally, we present our overall research methodology, planned future work, and an overview of MicroPAD's potential industrial impact.