Abstract
Introduction In previous chapters local automation clouds and a SOA based architecture supporting the design and implementation of IoT based automation systems were discussed. This chapter is devoted to design and implementation of application services: •Design of an Arrowhead Framework system •Implementation of such a system and its services •Interoperability test 5.2 Application service design This section will discuss the design of an automation application system and associated services. For this purpose, we will make use of the simple control loop example addressing the level in a flotation tank. © 2017 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Abstract
Introduction In Chapter 2 local clouds were discussed followed by a local cloud automation architecture in Chapter 3. The automation architecture supports the implementation of local automation clouds. Such implementation is supported by the Arrowhead Framework and its core systems and services. © 2017 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Abstract
Embedded computers such as Raspberry Pi are gaining market as they offer considerable computation power on a flexible platform that can run different operating systems and user level libraries. There are a number of contributions on building middleware for connecting devices based on embedded computers in various ways; however, the temporal behavior of these systems has not been sufficiently covered, despite the fact that this is essential to validate the system design, operation, and timeliness that is needed in domains such as cyber-physical systems (CPS). This paper analyzes the temporal behavior of the connection among embedded computers and servers in the context of time sensitive deployments where some nodes can be virtualized offering mixed criticality execution platforms. We provide a scheme for using the Data Distribution Service standard to connect embedded computers based on Raspberry Pi and servers to analyze the temporal response stability.

Abstract
The objective of the Arrowhead Framework is to efficiently support the development, deployment and operation of interconnected, cooperative systems. It is based on the Service Oriented Architecture philosophy. The building elements of the framework are systems that provide and consume services, and cooperate as systems of systems. Some commonly used systems, such as orchestration, authorization or service registry are considered as core. These can be used by any system of systems that follow the guidelines of the Arrowhead Framework. Within the framework, systems - using different information exchange technologies during collaboration - are helped through various approaches. These include the so-called Interoperability Layer, as well as systems and services for translation. Furthermore, one of the main problems of developing such highly interoperable systems is the lack of understanding between various development groups. Adequate development and service documentation methodologies can help to overcome this issue. The design, development and verification methodology for each service, system and system of systems within the Arrowhead Framework supports that these can be implemented, verified, deployed, and run in an interoperable way. This paper presents an overview of the framework together with its core elements - and provides guidelines for the design and deployment of interoperable, Arrowhead-compliant cooperative systems.

Abstract
Quality of Service (QoS) is an important enabler for communication in industrial environments. The Arrowhead Framework was created to support local cloud functionalities for automation applications by means of a Service Oriented Architecture. To this aim, the framework offers a number of services that ease application development, among them the QoSSetup and the Monitor services, the first used to verify and configure QoS in the local cloud, and the second for online monitoring of QoS. This paper describes how the QoSSetup and Monitor services are provided in a Arrowhead-compliant System of Systems, detailing both the principles and algorithms employed, and how the services are implemented. Experimental results are provided, from a demonstrator built over a real-time Ethernet network. © 2017 IEEE.

Abstract
The application of the Internet of Things to manufacturing is the driving force of the new industrial revolution (Industrie 4.0). In fact, most activities in the manufacturing industry can benefit from the data collected in the context of the industrial process. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), whose pillars are the usage of IP communication between the devices and making the devices accessible through the Internet, can maximize the benefits of the information by the integration between multiple data sources, and by the ubiquitous fruition of the information itself. It is common belief that IIoT will transform companies and countries, opening up a new era of economic growth and competitiveness, since it has great potential for improving quality control, sustainable and green practices, supply chain traceability, and maintenance of the user in the loop. Anyway, a number of challenges arise in this context, related for example to adaptability and scalability, real-time communication and QoS, and system deployment and management. A communication middleware can support the IIoT vision by coping with these issues. This talk introduces the IIoT, discusses its benefits and challenges, and presents communication middleware developed in different sub-areas of IIoT (service-oriented industrial informatics [1], smart grids [2], maintenance of industrial machines [3]) that enable the IIoT vision.