Abstract
Currently, there has been a great development of the wind energy market, which is accompanied by an increase in the number of wind farms at sea, the offshore wind farms. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that efficiency in energy production is maximum and that the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) is minimal. In this paper, a mixed-integer linear programming model (MILP) is proposed to find the best wind farm layout taking into account the wake effect in order to maximize energy production. The design of an offshore wind farm located at the North Sea is considered as a case study, contemplating three situations regarding the number of wind turbines to be installed and to determine the best positioning of them in order to maximize energy production, taking into account the wake effect and the lowest LCOE. © 2022, European Association for the Development of Renewable Energy, Environment and Power Quality (EA4EPQ). All rights reserved.

Abstract

Abstract
The pancreas is a highly important organ, since it produces insulin and prevents the occurrence of diabetes. Although rare, pancreatic cancer is highly lethal, with a small life expectancy after being diagnosed. The pancreas is one of the organs less studied in the field of biophotonics. With the objective of acquiring information that can be used in the development of future applications to diagnose and treat pancreas diseases, the spectral optical properties of the rabbit pancreas were evaluated in a broad-spectral range, between 200 and 1000 nm. The method used to obtain such optical properties is simple, based almost on direct calculations from spectral measurements. The optical properties obtained show similar wavelength dependencies to the ones obtained for other tissues, but a further analysis on the spectral absorption coefficient showed that the pancreas tissues contain pigments, namely melanin, and lipofuscin. Using a simple calculation, it was possible to retrieve similar contents of these pigments from the absorption spectrum of the pancreas, which indicates that they accumulate in the same proportion as a result of the aging process. Such pigment accumulation was camouflaging the real contents of DNA, hemoglobin, and water, which were precisely evaluated after subtracting the pigment absorption.

Abstract

Abstract
Conducting systematic studies during a postgraduate program, such as systematic review, systematic mapping, and tertiary review, can benefit the project’s success. They provide an overview of the literature considering currently available research findings, establish baselines for other research activities, and support decisions made throughout the research project. However, there is a shortage of research that presents systematic studies experiences in supporting academic projects. This paper’s main contribution is reporting our experience on how the evidence found in tertiary and secondary studies positively influenced a PhD project’s decisions. Initially, a tertiary study was conducted, followed by a systematic mapping. The evidence returned by the tertiary study led to the definition of the PhD research proposal in the Requirement Engineering field. Moreover, a systematic mapping contributed to the definition of the PhD research problem. From this experience in undertaking systematic studies to support a PhD project, the paper also presents lessons learned and recommendations to guide PhD students’ decisions.

Abstract
The purpose of the present article is to compare the geographic distribution of nine chronic diseases in Brazil: arterial hypertension, arthritis/rheumatism, back/spine, bronchitis/asthma, cancer, chronic renal failure, depression, diabetes and heart disease. The data used is from the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS) composed of 60, 202 participants (= 18 years old). The morbidity rate of diseases was calculated for 27 units of Brazil. A geographic chronic disease index (gCDI) was formulated as a summary measure to group and compare the distribution of these illnesses based on factor analysis (FA). The observation of trends in health-related indexes and maps can be an advantage to analyse large databases. The final index indicated regional differences showing that the South of Brazil had more individuals with chronic diseases compared to the North of the country mainly for arterial hypertension, depression, diabetes, and heart disease.