Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing interest in digital twins (or virtual representations) of the environment. Programs in the European Union and the UN are investing in digital twins, particularly those of the ocean (DTOs). While citizen science has been mentioned as a potential data source for digital twins, the full potential of citizen science in this context has yet to be fully realised. The Iliad project (https://ocean-twin.eu), funded by the European Commission, is developing a comprehensive set of digital twins of the oceans which are interoperable, data-intensive, and cost-effective. The project (2022-2025) brings together over 50 partners to demonstrate the technologies and methodologies required to develop DTOs. Citizen science and engagement play a pivotal role in the project, with the following goals: (a) exploring the potential for citizen science to contribute to digital twins of the oceans; (b) demonstrating how citizen scientists (and society more broadly) can benefit from digital twins. The Iliad team is currently working on over 20 separate digital twins of the oceans that fall into two primary categories: (i) environmental and ecological digital twins; (ii) engineering and industrial digital twins. Using the Iliad DTOs as case studies, lessons learned for citizen science are presented from the development of each digital twin.

Abstract
Structural health monitoring (SHM) of reinforced concrete structures (RCS) is crucial for mitigating the consequences of their deterioration. By identifying and addressing the issues early, SHM helps reduce environmental impact, safeguard lives, and enhance economic resilience. Rebar corrosion is a leading cause of early RCS decay and optical fibre sensors (OFS) have been employed for its monitoring. Reflection optrodes using optical fibres where the tip is coated with iron (Fe) thin films offer a robust, long-lasting and straightforward solution. This study investigates the tracking of spectral changes during the Fe thin film corrosion, which has been neglected in the literature, in favour of tracking reflection changes from thin film spalling. A multimode fibre tip, coated with a thin Fe layer embedded in concrete, allows spectral changes to be observed during corrosion. A 100 nm thick Fe film was deposited using radio frequency magnetron sputtering on polished fibre tips. Corrosion was induced by applying salted water drops and allowing the fibre tip to dry. Corrosion monitoring was successful for both air-exposed and cement-embedded tips, with results compared to reflection simulations of Fe, Fe2O3, and Fe2O3 thin films. This study supports monitoring at different wavelengths, enhancing robustness, cost-effectiveness and earlier detection. © The Authors.

Abstract
This research is inserted in the context of cybersecurity and specifically in the attribution of Advanced Persistent Threats (APT). The investigation that gave rise to the article studies the MICTIC Framework, validating it and proposing an extension to facilitate the assignment of APTs. In this research, we present the motivation for this proposal and its validation. Also, the MICTIC is presented layer by layer and the extended version is submitted for validation through a survey of around 50 university professors and researchers. Due to the fact the MICTIC by itself has not been validated, we decided to do that in conjunction with the extension proposal. Attribution is very important because lets you know who promoted or who carried out an APT-type attack. On the other hand, just the fact that there are sophisticated Attribution mechanisms can act as a deterrent to future attacks. This research contributes to greater ease in obtaining the Assignment of APTs and consequently in understanding how this type of cybercrime works. so much so that there are few studies on the Assignment of APTs. This study objectively contributes to achieving the APT attribution by combining technological and non-technological techniques. It contributes to achieving computer security environments since an APT Attribution is a high deterrent to an APT group getting uncovered and an Attribution being assigned to it. Typically, cybercriminals who have been identified have stopped operating, whereas the opposite is not true; unidentified actors persist with attacks for a long time. Thus, this study also contributes to the overall maintenance of cybersecurity.

Abstract
This panel commemorates the 50th anniversary of the IFIP TC2 Working Conference on Command Languages (CCL) and the 30th anniversary of the workshop series on Design Specification and Verification of Interactive Systems (DSV-IS), and uses that opportunity to position EICS within the HCI community. The discussion traces the origins of the EICS conference, from the union of seminal conferences to its current status and looks forward into its (possible) future. Reflecting on its contributions to the evolution of HCI methodologies, tools, and practices, the panel highlights the conference's role and impact on shaping the engineering of interactive systems.

Abstract
The key question that will be addressed in this research is whether advertising narratives feature initiatives within the ESG - Environment, Social and Governance - framework. Investors increasingly value companies that promote sustainable impact actions, something that the promoting companies report in detail in their ESG reports directed at corporate stakeholders. To identify and understand how brands present such initiatives to the consumer market, we checked campaigns awarded with the Golden Lion of Advertising at Cannes 2022. The methodological cut involved three award categories, being analyzed 19 campaigns from 10 different countries. Besides the bibliographical survey on discourse analysis and content analysis, this exploratory qualitative and quantitative research had the inductive method to direct the individual analysis of each campaign. As a result, we identified that more than half of the campaigns address aspects related to ESG initiatives, being the social scope addressed by most of the campaigns. A result that provokes new hypotheses and possibilities of research continuity.

Abstract
We implemented Discord as a pedagogical tool in the academic year of 2021/2022 in two mathematics curricular units of the first year of an Informatics Engineering university program. We analyze and discuss the experience, reflecting on usability and influence on learning processes and engagement. We compare the impact of using the platform: 1) when combined with different methodological and pedagogical approaches; and 2) to previous years with other (or none) classic virtual forums.