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Abstract
Historically, programming language performance focused on fast execution times. With the advent of cloud and edge computing, and the significant energy consumption of large data centers, energy efficiency has become a critical concern both for computer manufacturers and software developers. Despite the considerable efforts of the green software community in developing techniques and tools for analysing and optimising software energy consumption, there has been limited research on how imposing hardware-level energy constraints affects software energy efficiency. Moreover, prior research has demonstrated that the choice of programming language can significantly impact a program’s energy efficiency. This paper investigates the impact of CPU power capping on the energy consumption and execution time of programs written in Haskell, Java, and Python. Our preliminary results analysing well-established benchmarks indicate that while power capping does reduce energy consumption across all benchmarks, it also substantially increases execution time. These findings highlight the trade-offs between energy efficiency and runtime performance, offering insights for optimising software under energy constraints.

Abstract
Various sectors within the heritage domain have developed linked data models to describe their cultural artefacts comprehensively. Within the archival domain, ArchOnto, a data model rooted in CIDOC CRM, uses linked data to open archival information to new uses through the prism of linked data. This paper seeks to investigate the potential to use information in archival records in a larger context. It aims to leverage classes and properties sourced from repositories deemed informal due to their crowd-sourcing nature and the possibility of inconsistencies or lack of precision in the data but rich in content, such as the cases of Wikidata and DBpedia. The anticipated outcome is attaining a more comprehensive and expressive archival description, fostering enhanced understanding and assimilation of archival information among domain specialists and lay users. To achieve this, we first analyse existing archive records currently described under the ISAD(G) standard to discern the typologies of entities involved. Subsequently, we map these entities within the ArchOnto ontology and establish correspondences with alternative models. We observed that entities associated with people, places, and events benefited the most from integrating properties sourced from Wikidata and DBpedia. This integration enhanced their comprehensibility and enriched them at a semantic level.

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The human population with disability is rapidly expanding, more than 15% of people worldwide suffer from a disability and, despite the availability of accessibility guidelines, the websites are still inaccessible. Moreover, professionals with knowledge of accessibility and design abilities are hard to come by. Therefore, the current paper addresses the introduction of accessibility to the Software Engineering students through AccessCademy, a gamification-based tool, in a fun way. The activity is delivered via a Web-based learning environment, that presents bad accessibility scenarios or failures based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), and then encourages the students to solve them. Furthermore, a case study will be presented that evaluated the learning effectiveness of the tool in the context of a university course. The results demonstrated the potential of AccessCademy which offers students a fun and engaging way to learn about accessibility, to understand the importance of accessible design with WCAG and gain accessible design skills as well. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

Abstract
Limited accessibility to language resources and technologies represents a challenge for the analysis, preservation, and documentation of natural languages other than English. Linguistic Linked (Open) Data (LLOD) holds the promise to ease the creation, linking, and reuse of multilingual linguistic data across distributed and heterogeneous resources. However, individual language resources and technologies accommodate or target different linguistic description levels, e.g., morphology, syntax, phonology, and pragmatics. In this comprehensive survey, the state-of-the-art of multilinguality and LLOD is being represented with a particular focus on linguistic description levels, identifying open challenges and gaps as well as proposing an ideal ecosystem for multilingual LLOD across description levels. This survey seeks to contribute an introductory text for newcomers to the field of multilingual LLOD, uncover gaps and challenges to be tackled by the LLOD community in reference to linguistic description levels, and present a solid basis for a future best practice of multilingual LLOD across description levels.

Abstract