Abstract
Pneumonia and COVID-19 are respiratory illnesses, the last caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus, coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Traditional detection processes can be slow, prone to errors, and laborious, leading to potential human mistakes and a limited ability to keep up with the speed of pathogen development. A web diagnosis application to aid the physician in the diagnosis process is presented, based on a modified deep neural network (AlexNet) to detect COVID-19 on X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans as well as to detect pneumonia on X-rays. The system reached accuracy results well above 90% in seven well-known and documented datasets regarding the detection of COVID-19 and Pneumonia on X-rays and COVID-19 in CT scans.

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We explore deep generative models to generate case-based explanations in a medical federated learning setting. Explaining AI model decisions through case-based interpretability is paramount to increasing trust and allowing widespread adoption of AI in clinical practice. However, medical AI training paradigms are shifting towards federated learning settings in order to comply with data protection regulations. In a federated scenario, past data is inaccessible to the current user. Thus, we use a deep generative model to generate synthetic examples that protect privacy and explain decisions. Our proof-of-concept focuses on pleural effusion diagnosis and uses publicly available Chest X-ray data. © 2024 IEEE.

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This study proposes a strategy for short-term operational planning of active distribution systems to minimize operating costs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The strategy incorporates network reconfiguration, switchable capacitor bank operation, dispatch of fossil fuel-based and renewable distributed energy resources, energy storage devices, and a demand response program. Uncertain operational conditions, such as energy costs, power demand, and solar irradiation, are addressed using stochastic scenarios derived from historical data through a k-means technique. The mathematical formulation adopts a stochastic scenario-based mixed-integer second-order conic programming (MISOCP) model. To handle the computational complexity of the model, a neighborhood-based matheuristic approach (NMA) is introduced, employing reduced MISOCP models and a memory strategy to guide the optimization process. Results from 69 and 118-node distribution systems demonstrate reduced operational costs and GHG emissions. Moreover, the proposed NMA outperforms two commercial solvers. This work provides insights into optimizing the operation of distribution systems, yielding economic and environmental benefits.

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Our current society faces challenges in integrating individuals with disabilities, making this process difficult and painful. People with disabilities (PwD) are often mistakenly considered incapable due to the difficulties they face in daily tasks due to the lack of adapted means and tools. In this context, assistive technologies play a crucial role in improving the quality of life for these individuals. However, assistive technologies still have various limitations, making research in this area essential to enhance existing solutions and develop new approaches that meet individual needs, aiming to promote inclusion and equal opportunities. This paper presents a research project that focuses on the study of electromyography (EMG) signal processing generated by individuals who have undergone amputations. These signals are essential in assistive technologies, such as myoelectric prostheses. The study focuses on the impact of different filters and machine learning training methods on this processing. The results of this study have the potential to provide relevant findings for the development of more efficient assistive technologies. By understanding the processing of EMG signals and applying machine learning techniques, it is possible to improve the accuracy and response speed of prosthetics, increasing the functionality and naturalness of movements performed by users, as well as paving the way for the emergence of new technologies.

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