Abstract
Electrical impedance spectroscopy, EIS, has been proving efficacy and utility in a wide range of areas, from the characterization of biological tissues to living organisms. Several commercial solutions, with high precision and resolution, are available. Nonetheless, the typical equipments are expensive, unfeasible for in vivo and in field applications and unspecific for concrete applications. These features, together with the lately demands in the vegetal field, fundament this work. Actually, the fast spread of asymptomatic forest diseases, with no cure available to date, such as the pinewood disease, PWD, constitute a problem of economical and forestall huge proportions. Herein is proposed a portable EIS system, for biological applications, able to perform AC current or voltage scans within a selectable frequency range. The procedure and the results obtained for a population of 24 young pine trees (Pinus pinaster Aiton) are also presented. Pine trees were kept in a controlled environment and were inoculated with the nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Nickle), that causes the PWD, and also with bark beetles (Tomicus destruens Wollaston). Some degree of discrimination between different physiological states was achieved. These results may constitute a first innovative approach to the diagnosis of such types of diseases.

Abstract
We study the consequences of NP having non-uniform polynomial size circuits of various types. We continue the work of Agrawal and Arvind [1] who study the consequences of Sat being many-one reducible to functions computable by non-uniform circuits consisting of a single weighted threshold gate. (SAT =m p LT1). They claim that P = NP follows as a consequence, but unfortunately their proof was incorrect. We take up this question and use results from computational learning theory to show that if SAT =m p LT1 then PH = PNP. We furthermore show that if Sat disjunctive truth-table (or majority truth-table) reduces to a sparse set then SAT =m p LT1 and hence a collapse of PH to PNP also follows. Lastly we show several interesting consequences of SAT =dtt p SPARSE. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Abstract
Study and conception of systems that help to the birth of new ideas, products and solutions has an ever increasing importance. One potentially attractive way is to use exist-ent creativity techniques of proven utility to generate new ideas that help companies' competitiveness. In this arti-cle, we resume the" Creative Information System and Creative Suport Systems(CSS), by presenting a concrete architetural proposal medeated by computer by Brute Thinking implementation. The study and design of sys-tems that help the birth of new ideas, products and solu-tions are growing in importance. A potentially attractive route is to use existing techniques for creativity and proven useful to generate new ideas that help the compet-itiveness of firms. In this article, we return to the concepts of "Creative System Information" and Creative Support Systems (CSS), presenting a concrete proposal for com-puter-mediated architecture for implementing the tech-nical Brute Thinking.

Abstract

Abstract
Pectus Carinatum is a deformity of the chest wall, characterized by an anterior protrusion of the sternum, often corrected surgically due to cosmetic motivation. This work presents an alternative approach to the current open surgery option, proposing a novel technique based on a personalized orthosis. Two different processes for the orthosis' personalization are presented. One based on a 3D laser scan of the patient chest, followed by the reconstruction of the thoracic wall mesh using a radial basis function, and a second one, based on a computer tomography scan followed by a neighbouring cells algorithm. The axial position where the orthosis is to be located is automatically calculated using a Ray-Triangle intersection method, whose outcome is input to a pseudo Kochenek interpolating spline method to define the orthosis curvature. Results show that no significant differences exist between the patient chest physiognomy and the curvature angle and size of the orthosis, allowing a better cosmetic outcome and less initial discomfort.

Abstract
This paper presents an on-going work around accessibility issues within the use of social media. With a lack of background in this field, the purpose of the study was to analyze the accessibility levels of different social media websites and aggregators. Based on W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, we have selected three automatic evaluation tools in order to realize a first set of preliminary tests. We verified that none of the websites clearly passed in the evaluation process and our sample didn't meet the adopted accessibility guidelines. The errors occurrence within the social media aggregators' tests was less than in the social media websites. Therefore, it seems to be indisputable to propose a tool that allows users to manage their own social media websites accounts in a more accessible way. Thus, this study presents a list of defined requirements to implement an accessible social media aggregator solution. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.