Abstract
Natural gas (NG) is commonly used in kitchens, powering stoves, ovens, and other appliances. While it is known for its efficiency and convenience, NG contributes to the release of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and can have significant implications for human health. In this study, the importance of the use of NG in kitchens on human exposure to NO2 was analyzed. An extensive literature review in the field was conducted, and the NO2 levels were assessed in kitchens with NG cookers in Aveiro and electric cookers in Porto, both in Portugal. Higher levels of NO2 were found in kitchens in Aveiro, where NO2 levels outdoors are lower than in Porto. This pollutant can spread to other rooms, especially when ventilation is lacking, which is particularly concerning during colder seasons and at night. As around 70% of the time is spent at home, this can have a significant impact on human exposure to NO2. Therefore, although Aveiro has low levels of NO2 outdoors, its population may be exposed to much higher levels of this pollutant than the Porto population, a city with air quality issues, but predominantly using electric cookers. This finding emphasizes the need for the stricter regulation of NG use indoors to protect human health and also suggests a shift in human health protection policies from mere monitoring/control of outdoor air quality to a comprehensive assessment of human exposure, including exposure to indoor air quality.

Abstract
In an era marked by escalating cyber threats, the need for robust cybersecurity measures is paramount, especially for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). As custodians of sensitive information, HEIs must ensure secure channels for data transmission to protect their stakeholders. These institutions should increase their cyber resilience, recognizing the heightened risk they face from cybercriminal activities. A breach in an HEI’s cybersecurity can have severe consequences, ranging from data confidentiality breaches to operational disruptions and damage to institutional reputation. This paper conducts a comprehensive evaluation of the cybersecurity mechanisms in HEIs within Poland. The focus is on assessing the adoption of important web security protocols—Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) and Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC)—and the implementation of security headers on HEI websites. This study aims to provide a snapshot of the current cyber defense maturity in HEIs and to offer actionable insights for enhancing web security practices. The findings indicate a high adoption rate of HTTPS among HEIs, yet reveal significant gaps in web security practices. Also, there is a low adherence to security headers and an absence regarding DNSSEC implementation across the surveyed institutions. These results highlight crucial areas for improvement and underscore the need for HEIs in Poland to strengthen their web security measures, safeguarding their data and enhancing the overall cybersecurity resilience. © 2024 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda.

Abstract
Os desafios e as potencialidades de uma realidade hi perconectada numa era de hiperinteligência nos fazem pen sar num outro tipo de docência para o ensino superior e para a pós-graduação, dadas as transformações digitais pelas quais temos passado. Com o objetivo de compreender como formar o professor para a Docência OnLIFE, o percurso da pesquisa- -desenvolvimento-formação se fundamenta no método car tográfico de pesquisa-intervenção. Os artigos que constituem esta obra têmcomo foco a formação do professor-pesquisador, nesse sentido abordam: umhistórico das pesquisas realizadas pelo GPe-dU UNISINOS, uma discussão sobre amodalidade da Pós-Graduação stricto sensu, a construção de um programa de formação docente que tem início como uma ação de ex tensão em 2018 e se vai constituindo e ampliando para uma Especialização, em nível lato sensu, proposta em 2020, num processo de inventividade e inovação curricular e metodológi ca, com um público também diferenciado e pouco estudado: o professor-pesquisador de pós-graduação. Os capítulos deste livro vão problematizar as competên cias necessárias à docência na contemporaneidade, propondo a Rede de Competências para a Docência OnLIFE (Schlemmer, 2021). Essas competências são organizadas por dimensões, que apresentamos como “os 5D's da Formação Docente OnLI FE” (Schlemmer, 2019). Essas competências, organizadas nas dimensões, vão demandar, como se verá, outra concepção de currículo, que se apresenta de forma reticular. As metodologias e práticas inventivas que são construídas nesse escopo nos levam a propor uma docência OnLIFE.

Abstract
The Cranfield paradigm has served as a foundational approach for developing test collections, with relevance judgments typically conducted by human assessors. However, the emergence of large language models (LLMs) has introduced new possibilities for automating these tasks. This paper explores the feasibility of using LLMs to automate relevance assessments, particularly within the context of low-resource languages. In our study, LLMs are employed to automate relevance judgment tasks, by providing a series of query-document pairs in Tetun as the input text. The models are tasked with assigning relevance scores to each pair, where these scores are then compared to those from human annotators to evaluate the inter-annotator agreement levels. Our investigation reveals results that align closely with those reported in studies of high-resource languages. © 2024 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved.

Abstract

Abstract
The impacts of the e-commerce growth have increased the urgency in designing and adopting new alternative delivery strategies. In this context, it is important to consider the particularities of each city like its terrain conditions. This article aims at exploring the impact of road slopes on parcel delivery operations, and how they condition the adoption and implementation of alternative, more sustainable delivery strategies. To this end, a microscopic traffic simulator was used to evaluate different delivery strategies including ICE vans, electric vans, and cargo bikes in three different slope scenarios. This evaluation was based on a medium-sized European city and conducted by comparing the same parcel delivery route at three levels: operational (route length, duration, and waiting time), energy consumption, and emissions. The results revealed that as the road slopes increased, more time was needed to deliver all packages, waiting times grew longer, and vehicles' energy consumption and emissions levels intensified. From the flat terrain to the most sloped terrain, there was an increase in duration of around 5% for traditional and electric vans, 35% for large cargo bikes, and 14% for small cargo bikes. The ICE van suffers a 105% increase in waiting time; the electric van 71%; the large cargo bike 68% and the small cargo bike 52%. Energy consumption also varied, with ICE vans and small cargo bikes consuming nearly 30% more energy, while electric vans and large cargo bikes consumed 4% and 60% more energy, respectively. The ICE van's emissions of CO, HC, PMx, NOx, and CO2 are 13%, 10%, 1%, 20%, and 29% higher, respectively. Moreover, in flatter terrains, the better strategies are the electric van or a large cargo bike, while in more sloped terrains, the most adequate one is the electric van. These findings suggest that the electric van is the best overall strategy for different terrains and different decision-making profiles, ranking first in more than 70% of the profiles across all three terrains.