Abstract
We propose a refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in a gold wire partially incrusted on the surface of a D-type fiber and in contact with the external medium for increased sensitivity and roughness. The sensor is studied using numerical simulations based on the finite element method (FEM) and is compared with a more conventional D-type fiber SPR where the wire is replaced with a gold film. The numerical work estimates the sensitivity and resolution for different analytic refractive indexes (RI) in the range of 1.30-1.40, for a sensor based on the wavelength interrogation method. The results indicate that the use of the gold wire provides a better sensitivity when compared with the gold film, while supporting multiple peaks in different wavelengths, each with distinct values of sensitivity and resolution.

Abstract
The scientific potential of the ELT will rely on the performance of its AO systems that will require to be perfectly calibrated before and during the operations. The actual design of the ELT will provide a constraining environment for the calibration and new strategies have to be developed to overcome these constraints. This will be particularly true concerning the Interaction Matrix of the system with no calibration source upward M4 and moving elements in the telescope. After a brief presentation of the ELT specificities for the calibration, this communication focuses on the different strategies that have already been developed to get/measure the Interaction Matrix of the system, either based on synthetic models or using on-sky measurements. First tests of these methods have been done using numerical simulations for a simple AO system and a proposition for a calibration strategy of the ELT will be presented.

Abstract
In many economic situations, individuals with different bargaining power must agree on how to divide a given resource. For instance, in the dictator game the proposer has all the bargaining power. In spite of it, the majority of controlled experiments show that she shares an important amount of the resource with the receiver. In the present paper I consider how behavioural and psychological internal conflicting aspects, such as self-interest and equity concerns, determine the split of the resource. The individual allocation proposals are aggregated in terms of altruism and value for the resource under dispute to obtain a single allocation. The resulting allocation rule is generalized to the n-individuals case through efficiency and consistency. Finally, I show that it satisfies a set of desirable properties. The obtained results are of practical interest for a number of situations, such as river sharing problems, sequential allocation and rationing problems. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.

Abstract
This study gives suggestions on how to decrease academic cheating. This exploratory study discusses how engaging students, with the case study approach, has led to the submission of more honest course work. What needs to change is the challenge – requiring too much is worse than not requiring anything at all, as the former is an incentive to academic cheating. Students need reachable goals and not to be over-swamped with course work. In the UK this may seem obvious but not so in other countries, where a number of students are known for copying and for not submitting original work to their lecturers (Teixeira, 2011). How might one attempt to change this trend of trying to get around the education system? This paper is about how to engage students – be it in the classroom, be it when they are at home, doing their course work. If it may be true that success is all about how much work you put in (Oliveira, 1993; Mansfield and Oliveira, 1994, 1995), then success in academia is about how you motivate students to want to excel based on their own merit and hard work (Au-Yong-Oliveira and Almeida, 2015). Rather than measuring a lecturer’s success on his or her pass rates of students, or by judging him or her on satisfaction scores given by students, lecturers should recognize that what is required is that they have a lasting effect on their students – in essence, changing their lives. Why are starting salaries so low in Portugal? Why is it so hard for students who have just graduated to find a job in Portugal? Why is the immigration rate so high amongst Portugal’s youths? A lot has to do with the education system – which is, albeit, at some institutions, already very practical, in the management studies domain. What we discuss herein is how to elicit honest contributions and how to gain genuine interest from higher education students – both at the undergraduate as well as postgraduate levels. Certain academic environments need change. This paper is about how to bring about that change and what lecturers can do, in particular with regards to research methodology, to revolutionize academia and perhaps even youth employment rates in the country. The account is by lecturers with teaching experience in a dozen higher education institutions. Having worked with Erasmus students the authors are well aware that plagiarism is also a problem in other countries, besides Portugal – notably, in Spain, Greece, and new democracies in Eastern Europe.

Abstract
The realization of tabletop optical analogue experiments of superfluidity relies on the engineering of suitable optical media, with tailored optical properties. This work shows how quantum atomic optical systems can be used to develop highly tunable optical media, with localized control of both linear and nonlinear susceptibility. Introducing the hydrodynamic description of light, the superfluidity of light in these atomic media is investigated through GPU-enhanced numerical simulations, with the numeric observation of the superfluidic signature of suppressed scattering through a defect.

Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of collision avoidance along specified paths in multiple mobile robot systems. These collisions can be represented by points of intersection or coincident segments between paths. The proposal of the work is to model these segments where the collision is possible through fictitious points. In addition, the advantages of the nonlinear versus mixed integer linear formulation, widely used in the literature, are verified. Comparisons were made and it’s proved the superiority of the proposed method with respect to complexity, computational time and inclusion of nonlinear constraints. Moreover, the simulations performed using this technique indicate that the method is promissory for applications in real systems.