Abstract
Reproducing experimental results is nowadays seen as one of the greatest impairments for the progress of science in general and distributed systems in particular. This stems from the increasing complexity of the systems under study and the inherent complexity of capturing and controlling all variables that can potentially affect experimental results. We argue that this can only be addressed with a systematic approach to all the stages of the evaluation process. This raises the following challenges: i) precisely describe the environment and variables affecting the experiment, ii) minimize the number of (uncontrollable) variables affecting the experiment and iii) have the ability to subject the system under evaluation to controlled fault patterns. In the following, we highlight the research directions we are currently pursuing to address these goals. Our overarching goal is to build an open-source evaluation platform, Angainor 1, able to deploy an experiment, control the network topology, inject faults, monitor the whole experiment and automatically derive summary statistics of the experimental data. © 2018 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

Abstract
Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are measuring devices that, when placed in electrical networks, observe their state by providing information on the currents in their branches (transmission lines) and voltages in their buses. Compared to other devices, PMUs have the capability of observing other nodes besides the ones they are placed on. Due to a set of observability rules, depending on the placement decisions, the same number of PMUs can monitor a higher or smaller percentage of a network. This leads to the optimization problem hereby addressed, the PMU Placement Problem (PPP) which aims at determining the minimum number and location of PMUs that guarantee full observability of a network at minimum cost. In this paper we propose two general mathematical programming models for the PPP: a single-level and a bilevel integer programming model. To strengthen both formulations, we derive new valid inequalities and promote variable fixing. Furthermore, to tackle the bilevel model, we devise a cutting plane algorithm amended with particular features that improve its efficiency. The efficiency of the algorithm is validated through computational experiments. Results show that this new approach is more efficient than state-of-the-art proposals.

Abstract
This paper presents results of work developed in the field of building energy benchmarking applied to the building stock of the Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal, based on a thorough energy performance characterisation of each of its buildings. To address the benchmarking of the case study buildings, an energy efficiency ranking system was applied. Following an energy audit of each building, they were grouped in different typologies according to the main end-use activities developed: Pedagogic buildings, canteens, residential buildings and office buildings. Then, an energy usage indicator was used to establish a metric to rank the buildings of each typology according to their energy efficiency. The energy savings potential was also estimated, based on the reference building energy usage indicator for each typology, and considering two different scenarios, yielding potential savings between 10% and 34% in final energy consumption.

Abstract
The systematic review of the literature is a fundamental methodology for analyzing critically the existing literature on a given research theme. They are designed to be methodical, replicable and guide the author in identifying the main lines of investigation and conclusions in each scientific domain and, in addition, help them in the identification of new directions of research. However, the systematic review process is typically viewed as too heterogeneous, complex and time-consuming. In this sense, it is pertinent to propose a new approach for conducting systematic reviews that may be more agile, not only in terms of development, but also in the analysis of the results of a systematic review process. This article presents a canvas framework for conducting a systematic review composed of nine blocks and based on a set of identified good practices found in the literature, in which it is possible to easily identify all the steps of the process, options taken, and main results.

Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems have huge potential for applications beyond the traditional ophthalmology as a general-purpose medical instrument for optical biopsy. The widening of the range of applications is expected to significantly increase production volume and, consequently, puts pressure on unit cost. This trend calls for a flexible and miniaturized system fabricated in a batch process. In this paper, the different OCT configurations are compared for suitability in such an implementation. The required flexibility favors operation in the spectral domain, using a broadband light source in combination with a spectrometer, while the miniaturization and low unit-cost in batch fabrication can be achieved using silicon micro-system technologies. The feasibility of miniaturizing OCT components has already been demonstrated, amongst others a beam splitter using 45 degrees saw dicing of a glass substrate and appropriate thin-film coating the integration of the essential components into a single OCT microsystem remains a challenge. In this paper, the wafer-level fabrication of a Michelson interferometer for a miniaturized OCT system is presented, using an improved 45 degrees saw dicing process, which is suitable for wafer-level co-integration of also the other components of the OCT microsystem.

Abstract
Electronic identity (eID) schemes are key enablers of secure digital services. eIDs have been adopted in several European countries using smart-cards for secure authentication and authorization. Towards achieving a European digital single market where European citizens can seamlessly access cross-border public services using their national eIDs, the European Union (EU) developed the electronic IDentification, Authentication and trust Services (eIDAS) regulation. eIDAS creates an interoperable framework that integrates the eIDs adopted in the EU Member States (MS). It is also an enabler of a cross-border operation, harmonized with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) regulation by protecting the privacy of personal data. If one can use the same procedure for authentication and authorization abroad, one can better understand new services that use eIDs. This paper provides a comparative analysis of eID cards adopted in EU MS and their privacy features in preparedness for eIDs cross-border interoperation.