Abstract
Phenological models for predicting the grapevine flowering were tested using phenological data of 15 grape varieties collected between 1990 and 2014 in Vinhos Verdes and Lisbon Portuguese wine regions. Three models were tested: Spring Warming (Growing Degree Days - GDD model), Spring Warming modified using a triangular function - GDD triangular and UniFORC model, which considers an exponential response curve to temperature. Model estimation was performed using data on two grape varieties (Loureiro and Fernao Pires), present in both regions. Three dates were tested for the beginning of heat unit accumulation (t(0)( )date): budburst, 1 January and 1 September. The best overall date was budburst. Furthermore, for each model parameter, an intermediate range of values common for the studied regions was estimated and further optimized to obtain one model that could he used for a diverse range of grape varieties in both wine regions. External validation was performed using an independent data set from 13 grape varieties (seven red and six white), different from the two used in the estimation step. The results showed a high coefficient of determination (R-2 : 0.59-0.89), low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE: 3-7 days) and Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD: 2-6 days) between predicted and observed values. The UniFORC model overall performed slightly better than the two GDD models, presenting higher R-2 (0.75) and lower RMSE (4.55) and MAD (3.60). The developed phenological models presented good accuracy when applied to several varieties in different regions and can be used as a predictor tool of flowering date in Portugal.

Abstract
As the usage of head-mounted displays (HMD) increases, it is important to establish best usage practices to ensure the appropriate use of Virtual Reality (VR) equipment. Among the factors that can contribute to a better user experience are exposure time, the content type and the gender of the user. This study evaluates the impact of these variables on users' Sense of Presence and Cybersickness when visualising 360 content using HMDs. Two types of 360 content (captured video vs. virtual environment) were evaluated across four different exposure times (1, 3, 5 and 7 min). Regarding Sense of Presence, the results revealed a statistically significant difference for Content Type, Gender, and Content Type x Gender. Regarding Cybersickness, no statistically significant results were found for any of the independent variables. Overall, the results encourage the use of synthesized environments for a female audience; for non-interactive environments, captured environments are more effective than synthesized environments; and exposure time is not a concern for experiences lasting between 1 and 7 min.

Abstract
The inclusion and arrangement of protection devices within the LV distribution network often neglected. By exemption of protection devices during network modelling, may result in overestimation of reliability performances. Detail network representation of UK LV residential model is used to assess network reliability performance. The analytical and improved Monte-Carlo Simulation (MCS) approaches are used to estimate system-related reliability indices.

Abstract
The MAESTRI Total Efficient Framework (MTEF) is a recent holistic concept that congregates four complementary dimensions: Efficiency Framework; IoT Platform; Management System and Industrial Symbiosis. MTEF promotes the development of strategies for continuous performance improvement towards a more sustainable manufacturing. The Efficiency Framework supports the integrated assessment of operations efficiency and eco-efficiency, being measured by a new concept: Total Efficiency Index (TEI). The simultaneous assessment of the environmental, economic and efficiency performance of complex production systems is only possible with a digitalized production system, which is aligned with Industry 4.0 paradigm. Thus, with TEI original dashboards and graphical diagram, both static and dynamic assessments of efficiency vs. eco-efficiency can be analyzed. This paper details the fundaments of the Efficiency Framework and TEI, and presents an application case study from the metalworking sector, where the achieved results are discussed for the new concept validation. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Abstract
Learning styles are strongly connected with learning and when it comes to acquiring new knowledge, attention is one the most important mechanisms. The learner's attention affects learning results and can define the success or failure of a student. When students are carrying out learning activities using new technologies, it is extremely important that the teacher has some feedback from the students' work in order to detect potential learning problems at an early stage and then to choose the appropriate teaching methods. In this paper we present a nonintrusive distributed system for monitoring the attention level in students. It is especially suited for classes working at the computer. The presented system is able to provide real-time information about each student as well as information about the class, and make predictions about the best learning style for a student using an ensemble of neural networks. It can be very useful for teachers to identify potentially distracting events and this system might be very useful to the teacher to implement more suited teaching strategies. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Abstract
In this work, an ac-dc-ac multilevel power converter for grid overvoltage is investigated. The developed configuration is composed of one single-phase ac-dc-ac three-leg module and two H-bridges. One of them is connected to the shared part of the system to generate multilevel voltages at the input and output of the structure, and the other one is connected to the grid side to compensate the grid overvoltage. The converter can be employed in applications with same input and output frequency, such as uninterrupted power supply and unified power quality conditioner without isolation transformer. System model, a space vector pulsewidth modulation strategy to balance the individual dc-link voltages, and an overall control strategy to adjust the grid power factor, the amplitude, and the frequency of the load voltage are presented. The proposed converter is compared in terms of harmonic distortion and semiconductor losses with conventional structures. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the operation of the proposed topology.