Abstract
This paper investigated the impact of employee quality on corporate social responsibility (CSR). Based on data from China A-share-listed companies for the years 2012-2016 and using ordinary least squares, our empirical results show that the educational level of the workforce, as a proxy for employee quality, is positively associated with CSR, which suggests that higher education can promote CSR implementation. Additional analyses found that this positive relationship is more pronounced in non-state-owned enterprises, enterprises in regions with lower marketisation processes, and firms with lower proportions of independent directors. This study extends the literature on human capital at the level of firms' entire workforce and CSR by elaborating the positive effect of employee quality on CSR in the context of an emerging economy (China). The results suggest that it is necessary to consider the educational level of employees when analysing CSR, which is of strategic significance for corporate sustainable development.

Abstract

Abstract
Sentiment lexicon plays a vital role in lexicon-based sentiment analysis. The lexicon-based method is often preferred because it leads to more explainable answers in comparison with many machine learning-based methods. But, semantic orientation of a word depends on its domain. Hence, a general-purpose sentiment lexicon may gives sub-optimal performance compare with a domain-specific lexicon. However, it is challenging to manually generate a domain-specific sentiment lexicon for each domain. Still, it is impractical to generate complete sentiment lexicon for a domain from a single corpus. To this end, we propose an approach to automatically generate a domain-specific sentiment lexicon using a vector model enriched by weights. Importantly, we propose an incremental approach for updating an existing lexicon to either the same domain or different domain (domain-adaptation). Finally, we discuss how to incorporate sentiment lexicons information in neural models (word embedding) for better performance.

Abstract
AbstractMalnutrition is associated to a progressive decline in health, reduced physical and cognitive functional status and mortality. However, the malnutrition prevalence differs across countries. Previous studies reported 19% of malnourished elderly in Turkey and 1.3% in Portugal.We aimed to compare the nutritional status between between Portuguese and Turkish older adults using the Mini-Nutritional Assessment.This is a cross-sectional study using data from the Pronutrisenior project, collected in Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal (n = 430), and a study in Ankara, Turkey (n = 162). The sample consisted of older adults living at their homes. Socio-demographic data, clinical data from the medical records, the full form of Mini-Nutrititional Assessment, MNA-FF and anthropometry (weight, height, BMI, mid-arm circumference and calf circumference) were collected.Turkish older adults lived more frequently with children, are more likely to be widow/widower, and have a higher probability of being housewife/househusband. A larger proportion of the Portuguese have tooth loss, diabetes, hypertension, oncologic diseases, kidney diseases, osteoarticular problems, or eye problems and a larger proportion of the Turkish have anemia. The BMI average is smaller in the Turkish sample, while the calf circumference average is larger. Turkish have a larger proportion of malnourished or at risk of malnutrition (4.9% and 31.5% vs. 1.2% and 24.0%, respectively). The average MNA-FF score is higher among the Portuguese, males and on people using denture, and without: toothloss, hypertension, CVD, anemia and oncological diseases. Moreover, higher MNA-FF scores were associated with younger ages, higher BMI and higher calf circumference.The effect size was larger for CVD and sex.The prevalence of malnutrition in European and American populations ranges from 1% to 15% in ambulatory living elders, more common among females as in this work. Other studies showed that higher BMI is related with lower malnutrition prevalence and higher prevalence of obesity-related chronic diseases. Tooth loss was more frequent in the Portuguese, which may be due to a higher intake of sweets or packaged food. Portuguese elders had lower calf circumferences but higher BMI, which may be related to lower muscle mass and/or higher fat mass. The differences between the Portuguese and the Turkish may be related to the different per capita gross national product, positively correlated with BMI and the consumption of processed foods. Anemia in Turkish elders may be related with BMI and their lower consumption of meat and the higher tea intake that may reduce iron absorption, as reported by other studies.

Abstract
AbstractEating behaviour refers to quantitative and qualitative features of the selection and decision on the foods to be consumed. Knowledge on determinants of eating behaviour increases the success of actions and interventions aiming to promote healthy eating habits and to prevent diseases. Several constructs facilitate the comprehension of health-related changes, among which the Locus of Control (LoC) and Stages of Change (SoC). Our aim was to study the relationships between several dimensions of eating behaviour with the health LoC and SoC towards healthy eating among Portuguese higher education students. Data from 267 higher education students (63.7% females) aged 18 to 27 years were assessed regarding health LoC (Health Locus of Control Scale; Ribeiro, 1994), SoC towards healthy eating (question and items from Kearney et al. (1999), adapted to refer specifically to the adoption of healthy eating) and eating behaviour. Emotional and external eating were measured using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, flexible and rigid control of eating behaviour was measured with the Portuguese version of the subscales proposed by Westenhoefer et al. (1999), the Portuguese version of the Binge Eating Scale was used to assess binge eating severity, and eating self-efficacy was measured using the General Eating Self-Efficacy Scale. BMI was calculated using self-reported weight and height. No significant associations were found between BMI and health LoC. In the female subsample, i-LoC assessed through the factor “locus of control” was negatively associated with binge eating and positively with eating self-efficacy. However, we also found a negative association between eating self-efficacy and i-LoC assessed by the factor “other powerful”. Among men, none of the eating behaviour dimensions presented an association with health LoC. Regarding SoC, participants in the maintenance stage presented lower external eating and binge eating (both sexes), lower emotional eating and higher eating self-efficacy (women) and dietary restraint (higher rigid control among men but higher flexible control among women), when compared to those in the pre-contemplation/ contemplation stages. Our results suggest that SoC and LoC may be useful to achieve deeper knowledge on eating behaviour. Their assessement may also help designing early and sex-directed (namely regarding the different types of dietary restraint) programs and interventions focusing eating behaviour.

Abstract
The literature focusing on rural and urban entrepreneurship has so far overlooked the conditions in which different institutional contexts can affect firms' performance. The present study addressed this gap by investigating the extent to which institutional factors impact distinctively the performance of rural and urban newly created ventures. Based on data gathered through a direct questionnaire, we obtained 408 responses from newly created ventures located in Portuguese business incubators and science parks. Resorting to econometric binary (logit) models, we found that certain institutional factors, namely EU policy support, financial support from other sources than not banks, business advice for starting up/ ongoing activities, and collaboration to access new markets, are critical for new venture export performance, particularly those located in rural settings. To a larger extent than for urban, rural new venture economic-related performance positive and significantly depend on central government policy support, close relatives' role models, and technological support at the R&D collaboration level. Given the relevance of embeddedness-related factors in rural municipalities, public authorities should follow strategies that involve a growing connection between rural entrepreneurs and a variety of actors from industry, academia and the public and private sectors in order to foster newly created venture performance.