Abstract
This paper presents the goals and components of a quantitative energy balance assessment framework to define PEDs flexibly in three important contexts: the context of the district's density and RES potential, the context of a district's location, induced mobility and the context of the dis-trict's future environment and its decarbonized energy demand or supply. It starts by introducing the practical goals of this definition approach: achievable, yet sufficiently ambitious to be inline with Paris 2050 for most urban and rural Austrian district typologies. It goes on to identify the main design parts of the definition: system boundaries, balancing weights and balance targets and argue how they can be linked to the definition goals in detail. In particular we specify three levels of system boundaries and argue their individual necessity: operation, including everyday mobili-ty, including embodied energy and emissions. It argues that all three pillars of PEDs, energy effi-ciency, onsite renewables and energy flexibility can be assessed with the single metric of a prima-ry energy balance when using carefully designed, time-dependent conversion factors. Finally, it is discussed how balance targets can be interpreted as information and requirements from the sur-rounding energy system, which we identify as a "context factor". Three examples of such context factors, each corresponding to the balance target of one of the previously defined system bounda-ries operation, mobility and embodied emissions are presented: Density (as a context of opera-tion), sectoral energy balances and location (as a context for mobility) and an outlook of a person-al emission budgets (as a context for embodied emissions). Finally, the proposed definition framework is applied to seven distinct district typologies in Austria and discussed in terms of its design goals.

Abstract
With excess energy use from non-renewable sources, new energy generation solutions must be adopted to make up for this excess. In this sense, the integration of renewable energy sources in high-rise buildings reduces the need for energy from the national power grid to maximize the self-sustainability of common services. Moreover, self-consumption in low-voltage and medium-voltage networks strongly facilitates a reduction in external energy dependence. For consumers, the benefits of installing small wind turbines and energy storage systems include tax benefits and reduced electricity bills as well as a profitable system after the payback period. This paper focuses on assessing the wind potential in a high-rise building through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, quantifying the potential for wind energy production by small wind turbines (WT) at the installation site. Furthermore, a mathematical model is proposed to optimize wind energy production for a self-consumption system to minimize the total cost of energy purchased from the grid, maximizing the return on investment. The potential of a CFD-based project practice that has wide application in developing the most varied processes and equipment results in a huge reduction in the time and costs spent compared to conventional practices. Furthermore, the optimization model guarantees a significant decrease in the energy purchased at peak hours through the energy stored in energy storage systems (ESS). The results show that the efficiency of the proposed model leads to an investment amortization period of 7 years for a lifetime of 20 years.

Abstract

Abstract
Wind power is becoming an important source of electrical energy production. In an onshore wind farm (WF), the electrical energy is collected at a substation from different wind turbines through electrical cables deployed over ground ditches. This work considers the WF layout design assuming that the substation location and all wind turbine locations are given, and a set of electrical cable types is available. The WF layout problem, taking into account its lifetime and technical constraints, involves selecting the cables to interconnect all wind turbines to the substation and the supporting ditches to minimize the initial investment cost plus the cost of the electrical energy that is lost on the cables over the lifetime of the WF. It is assumed that each ditch can deploy multiple cables, turning this problem into a more complex variant of previously addressed WF layout problems. This variant turns the problem best fitting to the real case and leads to substantial gains in the total cost of the solutions. The problem is defined as an integer linear programming model, which is then strengthened with different sets of valid inequalities. The models are tested with four WFs with up to 115 wind turbines. The computational experiments show that the optimal solutions can be computed with the proposed models for almost all cases. The largest WF was not solved to optimality, but the final relative gaps are small.

Abstract
Currently Harmonic distortion is one of the most frequent disturbances present in electrical networks, with consequences at various levels. This study intends to verify the impact that this disturbance has on the behaviour of the three-phase induction motor. Therefore, the novelty of the presented work consists in the understanding and verification of the impact of individual odd harmonics in motor behaviour. As well as analysing the impact of harmonics on the performance of induction motors, this study highlights the importance of effective technical communication and international collaboration in disseminating sustainable solutions for the green transition. The results obtained clearly demonstrate that each of the harmonics acting alone has a different influence on the motor's main parameters, especially the losses and the efficiency. In fact, lower order harmonics have greater impact on the efficiency reduction, comparing to higher orders harmonics. Therefore, special attention must to be given to attenuate it. Simultaneously, it was possible to verify the influence of total harmonic distortion in several parameters, namely with respect to torque, speed, losses and efficiency. The EMTP/ATP simulation tool was used as a tool with great capacity for transients and disturbances simulation in the voltage waveform. © 2025 IEEE.

Abstract
The increasing adoption of microgrids, driven by the integration of renewable energy and decentralized power systems, has highlighted the critical need to address harmonic distortion for reliable and efficient operation. In this study, a detailed simulation framework is developed to investigate the behavior of harmonic emissions under various operating conditions. Additionally, this study highlights framed with ECO-GT (Engineers Communicating and Collaborating Internationally for the Green Transition) project, the importance of effective international communication and collaboration among engineers in the green transition, ensuring that technical solutions for power quality are clearly conveyed to diverse stakeholders. The analysis focuses on identifying dominant harmonic sources, evaluating their impact on power quality, and exploring mitigation strategies. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the simulation model in accurately predicting harmonic behavior and provide valuable insights into designing harmonically robust microgrids. This study underscores the importance of advanced modeling tools in addressing the challenges of harmonic distortion in modern power systems. © 2025 IEEE.