Abstract

Abstract
In the present industrial manufacturing scenario it is required that work cells would be easier to manipulate. Therefore there is a demand for simple orchestration techniques of different industrial devices, such as vision systems, cameras, sensors, PLCs, pocket-PCs. This paper meets this need by implementing a dynamic graphical user interface (GUI) based on the StateCharts concept. The paper describes the choices made in the construction, namely regarding the handling of hierarchy and discusses their implications in the effectiveness of the GUI. Some tests made with the software that resulted from this paper also show that the introduction of a GUI that represents event-based systems, like StateCharts, could be a precise and simple tool for the construction of complex industrial cells by non-expert users.

Abstract
The vertical integration of the manufacturing equipments within the information infrastructure of companies is a growing demand. The use of service-oriented standard interfaces and the upcoming trend of cloud computing technologies both deserve careful attention. This paper makes a comparison of remote database access times made through service-oriented interfaces, both for a cloud computing solution and for a local server data base. The results are analyzed not only in terms of the interface used (REST or SOAP) but also within the context of a laboratorial industrial robot work-cell evaluating the effective impact of these results when compared with other automation operations. © 2010 IEEE.

Abstract
The paper presented herein describes the development of an advanced robotized system applied to in vitro implant dentistry research. To the biomedical community this paper shows the possibilities of industrial robots to help the research. Robots are special suitable to the biomedical field specially when integrated with advanced sensors and technologies, which may facilitate both the programming tasks and the data acquisition. Robotics researchers will find in this paper one of the first applications of programming by demonstration with real users with a novel explicit robot programming technique making use of multi-camera vision combined with speech recognition. This programming method targets users who have minimal robot experience but aims at 'teaching' the robot to execute a specific task.

Abstract
Purpose - The growing complexity of industrial robot work-cells calls for the use of advanced orchestration techniques to promote flexibility and reusability. This paper aims to present a solution based on service-oriented platforms that endorses the separation of concerns, coordination and execution. Design/methodology/approach - This paper starts with the evaluation of available tools for the orchestration and service generation. Endorsing the missing features depicted in that evaluation, the paper describes developments of concepts and software and the evaluation made. Findings - From the early evaluations made in this paper, the SCXML-based purposed language is more adapted to the industrial robotic cell scenario than existing alternatives. The generation of services allow the integration without knowledge from any programming language. Practical implications - This approach's main drawback, as described by some users, was the lack of some programming features: simple math operations and conditional statements. Originality/value - This paper fulfils two partially unsolved problems: adequate languages for orchestration of service oriented on the device level and purposes techniques for the specification of services using robot programming languages.

Abstract
Integration of equipment in industrial robot cells is to an increasing part involved with interfacing modern Ethernet technologies and low-cost mass produced devices, such as vision systems, laser cameras, force-torque sensors, soft-PLCs, digital pens, pocket-PCs, etc. This scenario enables integrators to offer powerful and smarter solutions, more adapted to small and medium enterprises (SMEs), capable of integrating process knowledge and interface better with humans. Nevertheless, programming all these devices efficiently requires too much specific knowledge about the devices, their hardware architectures and specific programming languages, details about system communication low-level protocols, and other tricky details at the system level. To address these issues, this paper describes and analyses two of the most interesting service-oriented architectures (SOA) available, which exhibit characteristics that are well adapted to industrial robotics cells. To compare, discuss and evaluate their programming features and applicability a test bed was specially designed, and the two SOA are fully implemented to program the test bed. Special focus is given to the way services are specified and to the orchestration tools used to manage system logic. The obtained results show clearly that using integrations schemes based on SOA reduces system integration time and are more adapted to industrial robotic cell system integrators.