Abstract
This paper evaluates an Augmented Reality (AR) solution designed to support quality control in a assembly line inspection station before body marriage at a European automotive manufacturer. A threephase methodology was applied: an AS-IS assessment, a formative evaluation of an intermediate prototype, and a summative evaluation under real production conditions. The AR solution aimed to improve task standardization, non-value-added time (NVAT), and enhance operator accuracy. The results showed that operators successfully developed inspections using the AR tool, identifying and correcting non-conformities (NOKs) while maintaining task duration. Participants valued having contextual information directly in their field of vision and reported increased rigor and consistency. However, usability and ergonomic improvements were noted, such as headset weight, gesture interaction, and visibility over dark components. The findings highlight AR's potential to support operator autonomy and accuracy in industrial environments while emphasizing the need for human-centered design and integration to ensure long-term adoption.

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The footwear industry, a sub-sector of textile industrial sector, faces increased pressures towards higher levels of sustainability and circularity along all the value chain. Along the last decades, shoe products have become more complex products, integrating a greater number of components, materials diversity and often long supply-chains related to cost reduction and production or sourcing delocalization strategies. Full value-chain digitalization, as a cornerstone of Industry 4.0 paradigm, plays a key role for leveraging more sustainable and circular products, namely by traceability operationalization and forthcoming instruments such as Digital Product Passport. This research studied, via a state-of-art framing of the challenges followed by qualitative approach, how Industry 4.0 technologies can support the development of new services that contribute to sustainable and circular practices in footwear companies. An interview-based survey was conducted to 6 footwear companies, to map the adoption level of Industry 4.0 technologies and cross-linking to circular services business models.

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