Abstract

Abstract
Predictive maintenance methods play a crucial role in the early detection of failures and errors in machinery, preventing them from reaching critical stages. This paper presents a comprehensive study on a real-world dataset called MetroPT3, with data from a Metro do Porto train's air production unit (APU) system. The dataset comprises data collected from various analogue and digital sensors installed on the APU system, enabling the analysis of behavioural changes and deviations from normal patterns. We propose a data-driven predictive maintenance framework based on a Long Short-Term Memory Autoencoder (LSTM-AE) network. The LSTM-AE efficiently identifies abnormal data instances, leading to a reduction in false alarm rates. We also implement a Sparse Autoencoder (SAE) approach for comparative analysis. The experimental results demonstrate that the LSTM-AE outperforms the SAE regarding F1 Score, Recall, and Precision. Furthermore, to gain insights into the reasons for anomaly detection, we apply the Shap method to determine the importance of features in the predictive maintenance model. This approach enhances the interpretability of the model to support the decision-making process better.

Abstract
Illegal landfills are a critical issue due to their environmental, economic, and public health impacts. This study leverages aerial imagery for environmental crime monitoring. While advances in artificial intelligence and computer vision hold promise, the challenge lies in training models with high-resolution literature datasets and adapting them to open-access low-resolution images. Considering the substantial quality differences and limited annotation, this research explores the adaptability of models across these domains. Motivated by the necessity for a comprehensive evaluation of waste detection algorithms, it advocates cross-domain classification and super-resolution enhancement to analyze the impact of different image resolutions on waste classification as an evaluation to combat the proliferation of illegal landfills. We observed performance improvements by enhancing image quality but noted an influence on model sensitivity, necessitating careful threshold fine-tuning.

Abstract

Abstract
E-commerce has become an essential aspect of modern life, providing consumers worldwide with convenience and accessibility. However, the high volume of short and noisy product descriptions in text streams of massive e-commerce platforms translates into an increased number of clusters, presenting challenges for standard model-based stream clustering algorithms. This is the case of a dataset extracted from the Brazilian NF-e Project containing electronic invoice product descriptions, including many product clusters. While LDA-based clustering methods have shown to be crucial, they have been mainly evaluated on datasets with few clusters. We propose the Topic Model with Contextual Outlier Handling (TMCOH) method to overcome this limitation. This method combines the Dirichlet Process, specific word representation, and contextual outlier detection techniques to recycle identified outliers aiming to integrate them into appropriate clusters later on. The experimental results for our case study demonstrate the effectiveness of TMCOH when compared to state-of-the-art methods and its potential for application to text clustering in large datasets.

Abstract
Over the past few decades, road transportation emissions have increased. Vehicles are among the most significant sources of pollutants in urban areas. As such, several studies and public policies emerged to address the issue. Estimating greenhouse emissions and air quality over space and time is crucial for human health and mitigating climate change. In this study, we demonstrate that it is feasible to utilize raw GPS data to measure regional pollution levels. By applying feature engineering techniques and using a microscopic emissions model to calculate vehicle-specific power (VSP) and various specific pollutants, we identify areas with higher emission levels attributable to a fleet of taxis in Porto, Portugal. Additionally, we conduct network analysis to uncover correlations between emission levels and the structural characteristics of the transportation network. These findings can potentially identify emission clusters based on the network's connectivity and contribute to developing an emission inventory for an urban city like Porto.