Abstract
Software development companies have progressively been experiencing the need to migrate their traditional development processes to agile environments. Several frameworks have emerged that support this paradigm, and Scrum is one of the most widely adopted on a global scale. However, Scrum was originally designed to work in small, local team environments. The challenge lies in designing its adoption in large-scale environments with geographically distributed teams. This chapter seeks to explore this challenge by identifying communication and coordination issues that may arise when adopting distributed Scrum. Three case studies are considered to allow comparison of different approaches considering structural and contextual factors associated with each organization.

Abstract
Metrics are key elements that can give us valuable information about the effectiveness of agile software development processes, particularly considering the Scrum environment. This study aims to learn about the metrics adopted to assess agile development processes and explore the impact of how the role performed by each member in Scrum contributed to increasing/reducing the perception of the importance of these metrics. The impact of years of experience in Scrum on this perception was also explored. To this end, a quantitative study was conducted with 191 Scrum professionals in companies based in Portugal. The results show that the Scrum role is not a determining factor, while individuals with more years of experience have a higher perception of the importance of metrics related to team performance. The same conclusion is observed for the business value metric of the product backlog and the percentage of test automation in the testing phase. The findings allow for extending the knowledge about Scrum project management processes and their teams, in addition to offering important insights into the implementation of metrics for software engineering companies that adopt Scrum.

Abstract
The teaching of entrepreneurship has been progressively included in the curricula of several university courses to stimulate the development of empowering attitudes and an entrepreneurial mentality. However, a new form of entrepreneurship has emerged with a focus on sustainability and the creation of new projects that aim to reduce social asymmetries and contribute to a fairer and more balanced society. The role of universities is also to foster the emergence of these projects through the implementation of practices aimed at fostering social entrepreneurship among students. This study aims to understand the determinant dimensions that characterise the students' social entrepreneurial intention. For this purpose, a sample of 177 students attending a social entrepreneurship course in a higher education institution was employed. The findings indicate that individual, organisation, and context constructs are determinants of students' entrepreneurial intention. However, not all organisational factors contribute equally. Mentoring and social networks are relevant elements for the entrepreneurial intention of individuals, while curriculum and critical pedagogy are not recognised as determinants.

Abstract
There is a clear gap in the literature on comparing entrepreneurship in urban and rural areas and analysing distinct differences between them, impacting their survival and growth. This study aims to find the motivations and classifications of success for urban and rural entrepreneurs. A case study approach was adopted, with six cases on urban and rural Scottish enterprises. These contrasting motivations and conceptions of success have been linked to the way companies strategise. Our findings contribute to the literature by adding an understanding of the motivations of entrepreneurs in rural and urban businesses, respectively. Further, the study was conducted in Scotland, which adds a subsequent understanding of the motivations of entrepreneurs within the country specifically, which can be used in future research within the country.

Abstract
This study explores the role of talent in the processes of innovation, intrapreneurship, and internationalisation of startups. For this purpose, an empirical study was conducted with 226 Portuguese startups, and the impact of these components was analysed using the structural equation model. The findings indicate that talent attraction, development, and retention practices have a positive impact on innovation. However, the same correlation was not verified for intrapreneurship practices. Furthermore, both innovation and intrapreneurship are two determining elements in startups’ internationalisation activities. This study offers pertinent contributions to the establishment of policies to support the internationalisation processes of startups, in which talent management emerges as a determining factor for its sustainable growth. Copyright © 2023 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Abstract
PurposeThis study aims to identify and explore the factors affecting social entrepreneurial intentions considering an educational institution in Portugal. It also intends to determine the relevance of moderating factors in the antecedents and entrepreneurial intention of these students. Design/methodology/approachA panel of 177 undergraduate students enrolled in a social entrepreneurship course between the academic years 2018 and 2021 is considered. The data is explored quantitatively considering descriptive analysis techniques, correlational analysis and hypothesis testing. FindingsThe findings reveal that entrepreneurial intention depends on multiple individual, organizational and contextual dimensions. Students' entrepreneurial intention remains unchanged regardless of the student's profile. However, students' professional experience is a more relevant factor for the identification of organizational dimensions related to curriculum and critical pedagogy, while previous involvement in volunteer activities contributes to a higher prevalence of individual factors. Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is original in exploring the role of entrepreneurial intention and its antecedents considering a heterogeneous students' profile. It offers theoretical and practical contributions by extending the literature on social entrepreneurial intention that can be used by higher education institutions to offer specific training more focused on the student's profile.