Abstract
This paper discusses the Digital Product Passport (DPP) as a key tool for achieving a circular economy. An architecture of the DPP is presented built upon the principles of data spaces and W3C Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs). By leveraging data spaces, the DPP enables secure and controlled data exchange among stakeholders, fostering transparency, traceability, and collaboration throughout the product's lifecycle. The use of decentralized identifiers ensures the uniqueness and verifiability of product-related information, facilitating seamless access and sharing of data. The DPP architecture offers a promising framework for realizing the circular economy by promoting resource efficiency, sustainable practices, and informed decision-making. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.

Abstract
Although the concept of Circular Economy (CE) has become popular in recent years, the transition towards a CE system requires a change in consumers' behaviour. However, there is still limited knowledge of consumers' efforts in CE initiatives. The present paper aims to analyse and compare consumers' behaviour towards circular approaches and compare the results on items like generation and demographics. 495 answers were collected through a questionnaire from 3 countries (Albania, Poland, and Portugal). Data collected was analysed mainly through a Crosstabs analysis to identify associations or different behaviours regarding nationality, gender, generation, education, and place of residence. From the paper's findings, we can emphasise that residents of EU countries seem to be more aware of the concept of circular economy. However, price is still a very important factor for EU residents when it comes to deciding on a greener purchase. Albanians (non-EU residents) tend to take a more linear approach when it comes to purchasing a new product regardless of its cost. Regarding the Digital Product Passport, a tool proposed by the European Commission through its Circular Economy Action Plan, non-EU residents have a better understanding of the concept. This tool seems to be more relevant for Millennials and Generation X. Generation Z, i.e., the tech generation, does not show an overwhelming propensity for technological options, such as online buying and digital technologies for a greener society.

Abstract
Considering the great challenge of implementing digital tools to improve collaboration in the value chain and promote the adoption of circularity strategies, as is the case with digital traceability tools and digital product passports. This paper presents an innovative proposal for implementing an industrial data sharing ecosystem, namely an architecture and platform for digital traceability between entities based on Data Spaces. To validate our proposal, a use case scenario was implemented as part of the BioShoes4All project.

Abstract
Considering the new paradigm in the industry, where clients request small amounts of a growing range of products, the times of crisis and the fierce competition for businesses survival, it is crucial for Organizations to be able to reduce the waste of raw materials. This waste could be minimized with the introduction of decision support systems in the process. In this paper we propose an information system that enables the optimization of purchases and consumption of materials, promoting waste reduction and boosting profitability.

Abstract
The article focuses on the consumption of goods used by consumers of different generations from 3 different countries: Albania, Polish and Portugal. The aim of the analysis was to identify respondents"indications concerning: (1) knowledge of the definition of the circular economy, (2) declared by respondents places of purchase of used products and (3) type of purchased products used by respondents. The analysis was conducted among 495 respondents from Albania, Polish and Portugal representing three generations (X, Y, Z). Correspondence analysis was used for statistical data analysis. Statistically significant differences in knowledge of the definition of the circular economy were shown between respondents from Albania, Polish and Portugal. It was also found that respondents"preferences regarding the place of purchase of second-hand goods are differentiated (at a statistically significant level) by nationality and year of birth (generation). The obtained results open the possibility of further research aimed at identifying different behaviors among these groups of consumers. The presented work, both in the cognitive and application part, can be a source of knowledge and popularization of research, as well as a source of inspiration for in-depth reflection and scientific discussion. The analyses presented in the publication may complement the existing research in the field of circular economy. Extending the survey to other EU countries can help define a strategy for policymakers, manufacturers and retailers to make greater use of circular economy solutions, while maintaining the viability of their operations. © 2023 Altin Kulli et al., published by Sciendo.

Abstract
In the chapter, we can find the recommendation for entrepreneurs. The authors are trying to answer the question: How should employers treat Generation Z employees? A complex analysis of the research carried out by the authors as well as other examples from Europe and other continents have been pointed out. A recommendation for enterprises has been included. © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Joanna Niezurawska, Radoslaw Antoni Kycia and Agnieszka Niemczynowicz; individual chapters, the contributors.