Abstract
Voltage stability has been of the major concern in power system operation. To prevent these problems, technical staff evaluates frequently the distance of the operation state to the voltage collapse point. This distance normally is calculated with power flow equations. This classic technique is very slow for electric power systems with large dimension. In abnormal exploration situations it may introduce serious limitation in the voltage stability analysis process. So, the application of a fast and reliable evaluation technique is very important to diminish the evaluation time. This paper presents a study of the application of artificial neural network (ANN) to the evaluation of this distance to the voltage collapse point. To detection the point of collapse the new method FSQV was used.

Abstract
The main purpose of this work is the development of an optimization model for the design of the grounding grid in electrical substations. The problem is formulated as a mixedinteger linear programming problem, in terms of the constructive characteristics and the peculiar requirements to construct and to install the grounding grid. The model incorporates the variables that define the grid characteristics of all possible configurations including the grid geometry and the depth and conductor size. The optimization problem is subject to safety constraints related with the maximum allowed touching and step voltages. It also includes the equivalent impedance of the transmission line connected to the substation where it will be located the grounding grid to be designed. The methodology allows selecting the optimum grid of the possible configurations, so that is a very useful tool for the engineering design. The formulation and specifications used is based in IEEE Std. 80-2000.

Abstract
Neural networks have broad applicability to real power system problems. One of the areas in power system with huge interest in appliance of neural networks is load forecasting. In this paper the neural networks were trained and tested using 15-minute load data collected in Portugal by the electric power company EDP during a 44 day period. The artificial neural networks showed as a good nonlinear approximator, giving promising results. The main objective of the presented work is to interest power companies in the Region for possible practical implementations.

Abstract
This paper is written with the didactic purpose of exploring and indicating possibilities to power companies in the Balkan region for the application of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models in load prediction with real load data set. ANFIS models were trained and tested using 15-minute load data collected in Portugal by the electric power company EDP during a 42 day period. Simulation results gave promising results especially considering small size of used data set. Although the objective of the paper is to demonstrate possibilities for practical implementation, further research and improvement including the contributions of similar approaches in the world must he done.

Abstract
The text explains that the fuzzy approaches have the objective to bring the decision process in planning closer to the decision maker, by allowing him to understand better the diversity of aspects that must be considered in planning decisions and helping the decision process while keeping, as much information as possible, represented in the definition of fuzzy sets. The paper shows that the qualitative aspects of uncertainty, risk and decision making may be adequately modeled with a fuzzy set approach. It could help the decision maker guiding him towards a decision that takes in account uncertainty in the future, the multiple criteria evaluation of plans, as well as hedging policies.

Abstract
This work presents a model developed to evaluate the Dynamic Adaptation of an Electric Energy Distribution System (EEDS) respect to its planning for a given period of Tariff Control. The model is based on a two-stage strategy that deals with the mid/short-term and long-term planning, respectively. The starting point for modeling is brought about by the results from a multi-attribute method based on Fuzzy Dynamic Programming and on Analytic Hierarchy Processes (FDP + AHP) for a mid/short-term horizon. Such a method produces a set of possible evolution trajectories which can be defined as satisfactory when they evolve above a given risk threshold that the planner is willing to accept. Then, the decision-making activities within the framework of the Analytical Hierarchy Processes are those tasks that allow defining a vector for dynamic adaptation of the system, which is directly associated to an eventual series of imbalances that take place during its evolution.